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The Analysis †Amazing Grace

The Analysis †Amazing Grace Kiel Carino ENG 125 Professor Olabisi Adenekan October 29, 2012 The Analysis †Amazing Grace The verse â€Å"Amazing Grace† by John Newton is one of the most celebrated sonnets at any point composed and formed. â€Å"Amazing Grace† has been especially powerful and has influenced lives since it was composed. The reasons why â€Å"Amazing Grace† is powerful are for similar reasons why I discovered this sonnet extremely fascinating and locks in. The artistic components that ascribed to the poem’s quality and significance are its structure, substance, and tone.These components are what make â€Å"Amazing Grace† such a significant and huge bit of verse ever. The type of the sonnet â€Å"Amazing Grace† is not the same as other writing readings from the book. â€Å"Amazing Grace† is an uncommon kind of writing; a sonnet in a type of a tune. â€Å"A psalm is a verse sonnet or hallowed tune which is written in recognition to a divinity or spirit† (Wheeler, 2012). This sort of scholarly structure is speaking to peruse and hear. The sonnet becomes animated as it is being played.This kind of artistic structure has a preferred position over different sorts because of the sonnet is being formed explicitly to be heard, not read. The substance of â€Å"Amazing Grace† are overwhelmingly amazing. In the principal passage, John Newton utilized words to depict what his identity was and how a specific sound transformed him. â€Å"Amazing effortlessness! How sweet the sound,/That spared a fraud like me! /I used to be lost yet now am found,/Was visually impaired, however now I see. † (refered to in Clugston, 2010). In this section, Newton utilized words such a lowlife to depict himself.He likewise expressed that he was lost, however the sweet stable helped him and guided him to see, which to me implied that he started to separate among good and bad. In the fourth section, John N ewton by and by utilized solid words to charm its crowd by telling the perusers where he remains with his confidence. â€Å"The master has guaranteed great to me;/His assertion trust makes sure about;/He will my shield and segment be,/As long as life endures† (refered to in Clugston, 2010). Newton expressed in this section he will keep up his confidence with the Lord.The Lord guaranteed him beneficial things and he will be interminably appreciative. I accept that this sonnet is a short self-portrayal of John Newton and how his life was changed until the end of time. The substance of this sonnet are extremely solid and as an individual of confidence, perusing a sonnet of this gauge fortified by convictions. The substance kept me connected and urged me to maintain perusing in control to discover increasingly about John Newton’s life and how he was profoundly spared. The tone of â€Å"Amazing Grace† was moderate and deliberate. As expressed before, I accept this so nnet is a short collection of memoirs of the creator and it originated from the heart.The creator appeared as though he was spilling his guts as he composed this sonnet. â€Å"Through numerous perils, works, and catches/I have just come;/‘Tis beauty that brought me safe up to this point,/and elegance will lead me home† (refered to in Clugston, 2010). In this entry, he expressed that he has experienced numerous preliminaries throughout his life, however he has defeated the entirety of this through his confidence and this confidence of his will help with beating what preliminaries lie ahead. In the wake of perusing this sonnet, I inclined to the sound rendition and the sound variant upgraded its meaning.The moderate and tragic tone of this sonnet thoughtfully portrayed John Newton’s battles, before being spared profoundly. The sonnet â€Å"Amazing Grace† by John Newton is one of the most acclaimed sonnets at any point composed and made. â€Å"Amazing Graceà ¢â‚¬  has been especially powerful and has influenced lives since it was composed. The reasons why â€Å"Amazing Grace† is persuasive are for similar reasons why I discovered this sonnet intriguing and locks in. The scholarly components that credited to the poem’s quality and significance are its structure, substance, and tone.These components are what make â€Å"Amazing Grace† such a significant and noteworthy bit of verse ever. By consolidating the structure, substance, and the tone, John Newton wonderfully made a magnum opus that will consistently influence individuals for quite a long time to come. Reference: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Excursion into writing. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Wheeler, D. L. K. (2012). Artistic terms and definition. Recovered on October 25, 2012 from http://web. cn. edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_H. html

Common Intellectual Property Mistakes Startups Make

Common Intellectual Property Mistakes Startups Make You need to take into account a number of things when building a successful startup, but none as important as intellectual property (IP). While the word is often thrown around and most entrepreneurs know about it by now, it still creates a lot of trouble for startups. While big companies are spending millions to protect their IP, startups can forget to look into the matter altogether or make silly mistakes.Yet getting it right could be the difference between building a successful business and going bust. The following guide will help you understand the importance of IP and the most common mistakes startups make. More importantly, the guide will show you how to avoid these mistakes and plan your IP to succeed. © Shutterstock.com | DooderIn this article, we will explore 1) what IP is and why it matters, 2) common mistakes to avoid with intellectual property, 3) planning tips for startups, and 4) conclusion.WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND WHY DOES IT MATTER?So, what is IP all about? In short, IP refers to inventions and creations of the mind. This could be a piece of art, like a symbol or a specific design, or the names and images you use for commercial purposes. They act similar to other property rights, in that they provide the creator or the owner of that product the possibility of benefiting from the creation.Intellectual property is protected by law â€" there are different country-specific legislations, as well international laws that govern intellectual property rights. The laws used for protection fall under the following categories:Patents â€" Patents cover products or processes, or the way things operate. The product or process must be original and inventive in comparison to idea s that are already out there. It is possible to file country-specific patents or apply for an international patent. A software program could be an example of intellectual property covered by a patent.Trademarks â€" Trademarks protect the signs and designs, which distinguish the product from that of other traders. The Facebook logo and the Apple logo are examples of trademarks. Interestingly, you could also get a trademark for a specific smell or the product’s design, like a special bottle.Registered design â€" Registered designs protect more deeply the way things look. A specifically shaped mobile phone or a pattern in a pair of jeans could have a registered design.Copyrights â€" Copyrights protect the business or person’s artistic work from being copied. This could be the copy of a website or the content of a book, for example.Check out the YouTube video below for more information: Why does it matter?The above should help you understand what intellectual property is, but it mig ht not explain why it is crucial for a startup (or indeed any business).There are a number of reasons for paying attention to the importance of IP. In short, the proper implementation of intellectual property will provide a startup with:Protection â€" IP will provide a startup more protection against copycats. This in turn, will naturally provide more leverage against competition. Other businesses won’t be able to use your brilliant business idea and benefit from it. You’ll be legally protected â€" in case someone uses your product ideas without permission, you’ll have the law on your side and you can seek compensation. You won’t need to worry about a costly lawsuit, such as the one filed against Facebook.Security â€" The business will enjoy more security against theft, for example, once IP is sorted. Furthermore, appropriate IP can protect your customers as well, as they are purchasing from a legitimate company that upholds their consumer rights. It also guarantees counterf eit products don’t become a headache you need to deal with down the road.Leverage with investors â€" Another big benefit for startups is the improved attractiveness to investors, if you have sorted out IP rights. Investors know it adds more value to your startup and seeking financing is much easier once you have IP sorted out. This doesn’t necessarily mean a fully planned and organized IP system, but you should show investors that you at least understand the importance of IP and know how to go about achieving it.COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID WITH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYAs the above shows, intellectual property has plenty of benefits for startups and getting it sorted out will help your business to succeed. But unfortunately, many startups still fall for some of the common hurdles when it comes to IP.Here’s a look at the most common IP mistakes and how you can avoid making them with your startup. First, it’s a good idea to look at the big picture and the crucial mistakes you need to avoid.1) Assuming it’s unimportantAmong the biggest mistakes you can make is to assume IP doesn’t matter. Fixing your IP rights after you’ve already been operating the business will be a long process and not often even possible. For example, for a patent application to go through, the idea needs to have been out of public knowledge. As soon as you have put it out there and marketed your product, getting a patent will become a lot more difficult.It’s also a lot more costly to start fixing the lack of IP, rather than spend money on sorting it out from the get-go. You might be faced with lawsuits, people might already be using your product design or names and sorting this out once your business is up and running won’t be easy.As soon as you have a business or product idea and you’ve spent some time ensuring the plan could work, start looking into intellectual property.2) Not doing sufficient researchResearch isn’t just crucial in order to protect your intellectual proper ty against other people using it. While it is naturally important to guarantee your intellectual property isn’t stolen and you are protected in the long-term, proper research can also save you from breaching another’s IP rights.If you don’t look into trademarks, patents and trade designs, you won’t know whether someone has already protected a similar product. You don’t want to be breaching other peoples’ IP, as this could end up being the end of your business.As well as ensuring you do enough research to protect your own products and ideas, make sure you also look carefully into the protection that is already out there. If you conduct proper research from the start, you can protect your business from any legal and financial troubles later on.3) Rushing through the processMany startups do understand the importance of sorting out IP. The problem is that many of them then decide to get it all sorted out quickly, without paying enough attention to the whole process. Sorting out IP matters won’t happen overnight and you don’t want to make mistakes by rushing your project.The process of getting your intellectual property applications through isn’t always a straightforward process. The process can be complicated and costly and you don’t want to end up doing it more than once.You also don’t want to waste money seeking a patent or a copyright for products that cannot receive one. For example, there are a number of technologically advanced systems that you might not be able to get a patent for or you might not need one in the first place.Don’t just expect that every aspect of your business and product require intellectual property protection. First, understand what requires IP protection and fill out the application carefully afterwards. Don’t try to rush into anything.4) Waiting too longOn the other hand, you can’t sit still and ponder about the IP issues forever. Especially if your startup is already running test or marketing groups and you are involving other people in the process. You need to act swiftly to ensure it isn’t too late to start protecting your intellectual property.In most countries, applications for intellectual property rights have deadlines. For instance, a patent often must be filed within one year of it being printed, disclosed or offered to be sold. Similar time periods are in use around the globe so you need to make sure you start looking into intellectual property as soon as you have your business idea.5) Using DIY strategyThe Internet is great for finding out more about legal proceedings and the processes behind setting up a business. Technology has empowered many entrepreneurs to take back more control. Using these online guides and tips can be a great way to save your business some money.But the ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY) approach can be the downfall of many companies, especially in the more difficult areas such as IP. While guidebooks like this can give you a better understanding of the pr ocesses and the importance of IP, it is essential to consider seeking out an expert’s opinion.Generic information about IP will guide you in the right direction, but it can’t answer the more intricate details concerning your business. A legal expert in the field of intellectual property is much more able to ensure your business covers all the key areas.The above mistakes are commonly made by startups and just by avoiding them, you can guarantee your startup is appropriately protected. But there are also more specific types of mistakes startups tend to make.These include the following:Having problems with the nameYou might have come up with a catchy name for your business; you go through all the planning and setting up only to receive a notification the name is already trademarked. On the other hand, many startups set up and conduct business for years until they find one day that there have been new companies popping up using the same name.Many startups also make the mistake of c hecking out a domain name and if it’s free, they assume the business can be registered with that name. Furthermore, many assume that by registering their business, the trademark of the name is also covered. But this doesn’t automatically happen; you need to register both â€" often separately.When you are planning to start a business and you come up with a name, run a domain check and a business registration check. If both are clear, you should also check if the trademark is still free for use. Do all three checks before you register any of them or start using the name.Signing the wrong contractsStartups tend to be organic and often have a structure of informality. While these can be great in fostering innovation and ideas, you still need to make sure the formal aspects of running a business are taken care of appropriately.It is easy to overlook the importance of having your intellectual property rights sorted and then including these into all agreements you sign with your employ ees and your business partners.For example, you might ask an outside contractor to design a website for your company. If you don’t sign the right contract to commission the work, the contractor might end up with the intellectual property rights for the design! Whether you are creating a contract with your employee or another business, you need to make sure the contracts spell out the full rights of the products and design for your business.When you are preparing the documents and contracts, again, professional help is often needed. A DIY approach to contracts can result in omitting certain information and you might not cover all the essential points. Furthermore, if you are using a professional, such as a freelancer, make sure they have the right qualifications and know how the legal system in your country works!You also shouldn’t assume the documents you find on the Internet are appropriate to use. Sometimes this ‘copy paste’ approach can lead to many problems.Forgetting a bout trade secretsMany startup ideas and products have their foundation elsewhere. Perhaps you were working for a technology employer and suddenly came up with a great idea for your own business. You might rush to start your business without realizing you are using trade secrets of your previous employer as part of your business idea.There are tons of other types of information from prior employers that startups can utilize. These could be trade secrets, but they could also be customer lists, management strategies and the use of computer software. It is easy to overlook their importance to the previous employer or forget they might be covered by legal contracts.Companies, especially the big ones, are aggressive in protecting their intellectual property â€" as they should. Forgetting about trade secrets such as this cannot just cost money for your startup, you might be found to be criminally liable for the breach.You need to make sure you carefully look at your project and business, and separate the areas that you might be carrying over from your previous employer. Make sure you check that using the information isn’t a breach of intellectual property.Using open source softwareOpen source software is a wonderful thing, but startups can make a number of crucial mistakes when opting to use it. While it might sound like a great idea, you can quickly contaminate the whole project by using open source software.If your project uses open source, even in small bits, you might need to disclose the source code to your competitors. This might mean you cannot file for intellectual property protection.The best option is to avoid using open source software altogether. If you must use it, you should consult a legal advisor before the final decision to guarantee you won’t hurt your business by doing so.PLANNING TIPS FOR STARTUPSThe above mistakes and tips on how to avoid them should help your startup in the planning process. On top of this, here are few more crucial tips to keep in mind when you start planning for intellectual property rights:Begin by understanding as much about intellectual property as you can. By reading this guide, you are already on the right path. Educate yourself as much as you can and start looking for expert help as well.While you need to begin looking for outside expertise, you don’t need to do it right from the start. Doing your own searches first can help you save a lot of time. For example, google.com/patents brings up a plethora of information for finding out about existing patents.Find yourself a good intellectual property lawyer. Don’t hire the first one you find, but look into their qualifications and remember to agree on the price before signing aConduct an audit on your startup’s products and services to ensure you understand which aspects need protection.When you know what you need, start filing as soon as possible to ensure you do everything on time.Consider the future. You need to know the outlook of your bu siness to ensure you are adequately covered for the future.CONCLUSIONIf you want to protect your startup and ensure it has the best possibilities to succeed, you need to make sure you pay attention to intellectual property rights.Figuring out what your business needs is going to be easier to do right from the start, as it can prevent you from making mistakes or allowing other people to benefit from your ideas.While professional services can cost a lot of money and your startup most likely doesn’t have a never-ending financing stream, in the long-term figuring out IP at the start and ensuring you do it exactly right will end up costing less. It gives you financial security and it could spark interest in investors.Don’t try to save money by doing it all yourself either. As the above showed, a DIY approach to IP can sometimes end up in a disaster no matter how much you’ve tried. Just start planning early and ask for help from seasoned professionals.

State and Federal Regulations for Nursing Homes for the...

Nursing home for the elderly State and federal regulations There were reports of rampant neglect as well as abuse of the people in the nursing homes across the USA, something that prompted the Congress to enact legislation to deal with this in 1987. The legislation was known as the Nursing Homes Reform Act which stated that each nursing home must provide services and activities to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident in accordance with a written plan of care.(Motley Rice, 2013). The two rules that are evident in the nursing home under study here are regulation 42 CFR à ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â€¡483.40 which states that each nursing home must ensure that the resident has the right to choose activities, schedules, and health care. This is a choice that the old citizens in the nursing home are allowed to make and they choose ones that are most suitable to them with the aid of their family members. The other Federal rule is regulation 42 CFR à ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â€¡483.25 which states that each nursing home will ensure that the resident receives adequate supervision and assistive devices to prevent accidents. Almost each old person within the facility was observed to be having some kind of walking aid that fits their condition as well as several social workers interacting with them regularly and seen walking up and down just to ensure that the dwellers are fine. In California, there are several laws that are specifically meant to regulate theShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay Nursing Homes1356 Words   |  6 Pages Nursing Homes Just the mere mention of â€Å"nursing home† causes most people to shudder and think, â€Å"I would never put my relative in such a ghastly place.† There are a great deal of horror stories that stem from nursing homes, most along the lines of , â€Å" My mother was neglected after I put her in a nursing home. I would go to visit her and she would be lying in urine and have a new bruise, different than the one that was there last time.† There seems to be this popular perception that nursing homesRead MoreEssay about Nursing Home Abuse1092 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Home Abuse With over 1.5 million elderly and dependent adults now living in nursing homes throughout the country, abuse and neglect has become a widespread problem. Even though some nursing homes provide good care, many are subjecting helpless residents to needless suffering and death. Most residents in nursing homes are dependent on the staff for most or all their needs such as food, water, medicine, toileting, grooming- almost all their daily care. Unfortunately, many residents inRead MoreNursing Homes And The Extended Health Care For Senior Citizens1783 Words   |  8 Pages America’s nursing homes and the extended health care for senior citizens is a multi-billion dollar a year industry. 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You are stressed and so tied up atRead MoreElder Abuse : An Ethical Dilemma1280 Words   |  6 Pagestheir professional lives. The different types of dilemmas include, but are not limited to, ethical, moral, and legal dilemmas. These are the three most common dilemmas in nursing. A dilemma can be defined in many different ways. But all dilemmas are situations in which you have to make a difficult choice. Chiaranai (2011) states that an â€Å"ethical dilemma is a circumstance that arises from fundamental conflicts between ethical beliefs, duties, principles and theories† (p. 250). Therefore, an ethicalRead MoreA Brief Note On Nursing And Rehabilitation Center Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesanother service in the healthcare industry, which is nursing and rehabilitation. The agency that will be evaluated in the paper is Milford Manor Nursing and Rehabilita tion Center. Specifically, the organization provides a broad range of services and specialized programs for the geriatric population. The administration of the Center places emphasis on the creation of a second home for the residents and the family. The traditional concept of nursing homes is something that is currently metamorphosing andRead MoreIs Elder Abuse Common For Aging Adults?2679 Words   |  11 Pages Imagine one day visiting a loved one in the nursing home only to find bruises and scabs covering the skin. You ask what caused these scars and he refuses to answer. You plan to stay a couple of hours to observe the staff and find out that your loved one begins to act defensive around a few of the nursing home employees. Yet he refuses to confess the cause of his scars. Some people may think this behavior is common for aging adults. Although instances like these should not occur, situations

Introspection in A Complicated Kindness and The Catcher in...

Miriam Toews’ A Complicated Kindness and J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye are two novels in which characters reflect on their attitudes and experiences as a source of emotional growth and maturity. Salinger and Toews show the importance of this reflection through the evolution of their characters’ – Holden Caulfield and Nomi Nickel – similar attitudes towards their schools, communities, and lives. Though Nomi and Holden both do poorly in school for various reasons, Nomi overcomes her obstacles by working to identify the source of them. Both characters also resent their communities because of the hypocrisy found within them. However, Nomi manages to find good within the East Village through self-reflection, while Holden completely†¦show more content†¦Though Nomi escapes these negative feelings using drugs and her imagination, she expresses to her guidance counsellor that she feels a need to change her views on the educational system a nd learn to love it. The novel’s convoluted plotline does not show step-by-step, how Nomi goes about changing her attitudes. However, Nomi engaging her environment in deeper thought is evidenced in her coming to realize that she does poorly in school because she is: â€Å"already anticipating failure.†(Toews 2) With this new insight, Nomi writes her story as an assignment for submission to Mr. Quiring as an attempt to gain his approval and achieve academic success. A disparate situation is presented to readers in The Catcher in the Rye. Early in the novel, Holden expresses the reason for his difficulties in school as his being: â€Å"always surrounded by phonies.†(Salinger 13) Holden is correct; he is completely incapable of relating to his peers. However he takes no time to consider potential solutions to his problem. During his conversation with Mr. Spencer, Holden communicates that he deals with his troubles by simply quitting; putting minimal effort into academics and socialization. Since Holden never addresses his emotions directly, he fails to realize

Key Budget Factor for a Construction Company Free Essays

Key Budget Factor for a Construction Company Master Science in Facilities Management Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying University technology MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia ____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Construction companies generally have a variety of objectives designed to maintain and succeed in their business. They will also do a lot of effort to maximize profits for their companies but with minimum capital. Some companies are concerned about how management including budget management because from there they can manage their company’s financial success and further profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Budget Factor for a Construction Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will be discussed about the key factor for a construction company in Malaysia. The purpose of this discussion is to find out the key factors that should be considered in budget management by construction companies throughout Malaysia. Keyword: Construction Company, key budget factor, Malaysia _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Budget is very comprehensive; it is a formal plan that estimates the likely revenues and expenses for a company in a particular period. Budget preparation explains the whole process and use the budget more effectively. Budget management is very important especially for construction companies to ensure that projects run smoothly implemented in line with the company’s capital. According to Chan and Chan (2004), the construction industry is dynamic in nature and its environment has become more dynamic due to increasing uncertainties in technology, budgets and development process. Besides that, according to Churchill (1997) accentuates the fact that businesses must understand the pressure to grow so that they can plan and prepare for it, choose the right timing for expected major changes in size and control the speed of growth. 2. Key Budget Factor for a Construction company throughout Malaysia The budget is used in construction work to determine the amount of liquid cash that will be required over the various periods of a contract, as a measurement against which actual progress can be measured. The budget is a financial forecast and important tool of management, in as much as trading position of a construction company can be establish by having budgets for all of the work on hand. According to FOA Corporate (1997), key budget factor also known as principal budget factor or limiting budget factor and is the factor which will limit the activities of an undertaking. This limits output such as sales, material or labour. Among the key factors for the company’s construction budget is as follows: i. Sales budget This involves a realistic sales forecast. This is prepared in units of each product and also in sales value. Methods of sales forecasting include sales force opinions, market research, and statistical methods (correlation analysis and examination of trends) mathematical models. Sales budget includes company’s pricing policy, general economic and political conditions, changes in the population, competition, consumers’ income and tastes, advertising and other sales promotion techniques, after sales service, and credit terms offered. i. Production budget Expressed in quantitative terms only and is geared to the sales budget. The production manager’s duties include two things which are analysis of plant utilization and work-in-progress budgets. If requirements exceed capacity the production manager may subcontract, plan for overtime, introduce shift work, hire or buy additional machinery and the materials purchases budget’s both quantitative and financial. iii . Raw materials and purchasing budget This factor includes the materials usage budget is in quantities and the materials purchases budget is both quantitative and financial. Factors influencing included production requirements, planning stock levels, storage space, and trends of material prices. iv. Labour budget: Labour budget is both quantitative and financial. This is influenced by production requirements, man-hours available, grades of labour required, wage rates (union agreements), and the need for incentives. v. Cash budget A cash plan is to defined period of time. It cans summaries monthly receipts and payments. Besides that, it highlights monthly surpluses and deficits of actual cash. Its main uses are to maintain control over a firm’s cash requirements such as stock and debtors, to enable a firm to take precautionary measures and arrange in advance for investment and loan facilities whenever cash surpluses or deficits arises, to show the feasibility of management’s plans in cash terms, to illustrate the financial impact of changes in management policy, e. . change of credit terms offered to customers. REFERENCE 1. Agriculture and consumer Protection by FAO CORPORATE DOCUMENT REPOSITORY 2. Chan APC, Chan APL (2004). Key performance indicators for measuring construction success, Benchmark. Int. J. , 11(2): 203-221. 3. Churchill CF (1997). Managing Growth: The Organizational Architecture of Microfinance Institutions. ACCI on International. http://www. ebook-search-engine. com/organization-growth-ebook-all. html. How to cite Key Budget Factor for a Construction Company, Papers

Medical Crisis Intervention Essay Example

Medical Crisis Intervention Paper The person’s ability to cope with anxiety or stress associated with life-threatening illness is considered a significant component in the healing process. This is one of the issues that medical experts is looking into in order to help the patient acquire the ability to alter his or her health control belief. This control belief influences the behavior of an individual in the process of treatment. Williams and Koocher puts it, â€Å"Loss of control is a common and often overwhelming source of psychological stress among patients and family members confronting chronic or life-threatening illness† (p.  325). In effect, they noted, â€Å"Control beliefs can direct the individual’s response to an illness as well as the healthcare system† (Williams Koocher, p. 326). Control beliefs as well as the coping mechanisms vary among patients. This discrepancy causes differences in behavioral responses of the patients towards self and the illness. At this point, it is assumed that physicians understand exactly the need to establish an appropriate control belief among the patients because as McDaniel, et. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Crisis Intervention specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Crisis Intervention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Crisis Intervention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer al noted â€Å"†¦ the individual or family can develop ways to limit the intrusiveness of the illness. Putting the illness in its place allows for establishing boundaries and regaining a sense of control† (cited in Williams Koocher, p. 329). Thus, the patients’ responses to life-threatening illness are influenced by governing factors in which among them are age, gender, situation, health history, previous experiences and many others. Likewise, these responses affect the way the patient perceives the treatment process as well as its outcome. To this effect, medical interventions through psychotherapy are seen to affect the control loss of a patient suffering from life-threatening illness. Responses to loss of control and in chronic and life-threatening illness Williams and Koocher presented in their articles four responses to control loss in which a patient may experience depending on the occurrence and stages of the disease. According to them, each category has both negative and positive implications. The four responses are known as passivity or no overt response, vicarious control, action-oriented responses, and cognitive adaptations (p. 328). Passive-oriented response appears during the early sign of the disease in which the patient experiences depression and the tendency for him is simply to remain passive until he learns to control his responses. As indicated, â€Å"Laying low and keeping one’s eyes open in an unresponsive situation may be an adaptive way of coping with control loss at such times† (qtd. Peterson, Maier, Seligman, 1993 in Williams Koocher, p. 329). Action-Oriented Response is another response that occurs when a patient is feeling threatened because of the existence of the disease. In this case, he would seek medical advises, read a lot of information about the nature of the disease and the ways to cope with it. It is action oriented because he assumes the responsibility to deal with the disease. Vicarious control comes when the patient is losing control and turning over the control to someone he sees as powerful and influential such as the physician or surgeon, or any health giver. Cognitive adaptation is a response in which a person after realizing that the ‘powerful other’ cannot do something to control the disease, he adapts the so-called â€Å"internal mental processes. † This is a response that allows the mind to take control of self when everything is out of control. It is also manifested in the presence of denial or defensive attitude because the patient still try to find meaning for his existence amidst the threat of death. Compare and contrast the components of action-oriented responses, cognitive adaptations, vicarious control, and passive-oriented responses. Passive-oriented response is the opposite of action-oriented response because the former manifests a feeling of helplessness and depression while the latter signifies that the patient is actively initiating actions to help him find cure for his disease. Patients having passive-oriented response does not believe that there is still cure for their illness thus, they refuse to seek doctors’ advises and that staying unresponsive as a way of coping with emotion. In contrary, patients having action-oriented response look for ways to cure the disease. On the other hand, Passive-Oriented Response is similar to Action-Oriented Response in a sense that they do not seek outside help in dealing with the disease. Action-Oriented Response is similar with Vicarious Control because both responses acknowledge that an illness needs treatment. However, they are also different in some ways because the latter recognizes ‘the powerful other’ to initiate the treatment process unlike the former in which the response is associated with the individual’s reliance on himself in providing treatment to his illness. Patient having vicarious control complies with medical advises because he has no control over his condition. Vicarious control is a contrast of cognitive adaptation in terms of reliance to medical experts. Cognitive adaptation recognizes one’s responsibility in the absence of control loss. The person knows that life-threatening illness is out of control and therefore he shifts his focus from the illness to his own attitude, which for him is something that he has control of. The manifestation of denial and defensive mechanism is the person’s strategy to create hope for himself under the cognitive adaptation. Patient then does not dwell on negative attitude. Vicarious control on the other hand, believes that other people could do something for him and entrust himself to these people for medical advises. Cognitive adaptation also recognizes medical advises and carefully follow the instruction and medication in order to cope with control loss similar to the responses of vicarious control. The adaptation is known as defensive because the patient instead of dwelling on negative thought, he recognizes that he has to take charge of his own illness (Williams Koocher, p. 329). Cognitive adaptation is almost similar to passive-oriented response in a sense that the patient gain inner strength in dealing with the illness. The only difference is that, the passive-oriented response dwells solely on negative connotation rather than the constructive ones. Both acknowledges that acceptance of death is necessary to avoid fear. Cognitive adaptation has some similarity with action-oriented disease because both responses realize that personal knowledge or familiarity of the disease is necessary, which is why, patients having these responses seek a lot of information about it and continue to follow the guidelines given by medical experts. Address the pros and cons of each All the responses are good basis for analyzing the kind of counseling a person needs in a certain circumstance. However, it is required that health giver understand the pros and cons of each of the responses to effectively address the anxiety or psychological stress that a patient experiences. Passive-Oriented Response The passivity of the patient upon knowing about her illness provides him the opportunity to accept his condition and the realization that the illness is still curable. The passive attitude is a response to the shocking effect of the illness; however, by allowing the mind to intervene a little later may help the person by entertaining positive thoughts. The feeling of helplessness is simply an initial reaction, which may also be replaced by optimistic viewpoint coming from people surrounding him. As Williams and Koocher noted, this attitude may be an â€Å"adaptive way of coping with control loss† (p. 329). On the other hand, this response is basically negative because of the feeling of hopelessness and depression that govern a person. If remain uncorrected, the patient’s condition will worsen because the right treatment for the disease is withheld. Active-Oriented Response This type of response has positive implication considering the fact that the patient instead of mourning over his condition would take initial actions to find cure for his illness. The attitude therefore is characterized by a strong control response and the person out of this drive will explore every possibility to address his condition. At this time, he is not yet ready to seek a physician’s advice, but he is receptive to suggestions that will be gathered through his own initiative and effort. Though amenable in nature, yet the person’s response is associated only with the outcome. Williams and Koocher referring to action-oriented responses stated that it is â€Å"†¦ maladaptive if the environment is unresponsive† (p. 329). The receptivity of the person is limited to his expected outcome in his environment; for instance, the availability of information in the internet. The unresponsiveness may only increase his â€Å"feelings of control loss† (ibid). Vicarious Control The attitude of a person having vicarious control connotes positive action because at the loss of his control he turns to an expert or professional to take charge of his situation. The transfer is actually a delegation of responsibility to someone who is more knowledgeable and more expert in the field. The patient is more open to medical advices and carefully follows each instruction that results to positive outcome. Its only disadvantage is the negative adjustment that a patient may experience at the result of poor prognosis. The patient will keep believing the ‘powerful others’ because he has already lost his control. Negative adjustment may include inconveniences brought by series of laboratory tests or in the event that more than one physician will examine the patient. Cognitive Adaptations At the loss of control and perhaps when the circumstance is inevitable, the only resort a person would have is to control his own responses by allowing his cognition to dictate his mind or simply called â€Å"inner control† (p. 329). It is highly constructive because when a person learns to control his own self, the possibility is that he will no longer be affected by internal or external factors. He can easily divert his mind from negative to positive and the acceptance of reality is highly probable with less resistance. The patient may learn to appreciate life better by accepting good vibrations or thoughts. They may even show cooperation at the process of treatment because of their positive outlook; however, they may become either adaptive or maladaptive as it gets worse. Similar to other responses, cognitive adaptations have disadvantages. Since it is associated with denial or defensive mechanism, patients normally resort to illusions that the reality does not exist at all. The denial and defensive mechanism may be effective at the onset but not when the condition becomes severe and uncontrollable. Williams and Kooper stated, â€Å"Denial can be maladaptive when it interferes with proven medical treatment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ibid). The worse is when a person out of his denial syndrome may delay or intentionally refuse to seek medical help. Furthermore, the person’s ability to use his cognition in controlling his responses depends on age, gender, and emotional maturity. How can these issues be addressed in counseling This information is very important for medical practitioners because the science recognizes that the patient’s psychological condition affects greatly in the treatment process. The loss of control particularly is one of the worst conditions that a person undergoing a treatment may experience. In fact, medical counseling is also given as an intervention to help the patient restore the fervor to live. A psychologist or a psychotherapist on the basis of responses can develop a strategy through which he can address the problem of control loss. Stage by stage of an illness, the patient may need different approaches because the manifestation of loss of control though not permanent yet consistent at given circumstances such as when a person needs confinement or surgery, or any event when he feels he is not in control of his situation. Understanding of the nature of responses helps the doctors and counselors to determine the type of counseling needed. Furthermore, since the goal of psychotherapist is to influence individual health control beliefs and behavior towards the course of disease treatment process, the key players can make use of the responses in assessing those control beliefs contrary to health control beliefs because the two may differ at a given disease or situation according to Lefcourt (qtd. William Koocher, p. 330). Understanding of the patients’ responses to control loss as influenced by his cultural beliefs and medical history can help the hospital institutions to design a â€Å"medical setting that is responsive to issues of control loss† (p. 332) of individual patients with different needs. The environment along with strategic approaches of medical personnel will be appropriate to the needs of the patients as manifested in their responses. Several models have been presented to assist the hospitals in the administration of interventions aimed at increasing the perceived control of the patients having life-threatening illness. In particular, the MCC model (p. 333) provides a structure that will guide the medical providers in dealing with patients in a step-by-step process. Conclusion Loss of control is one issue in medical practice that requires intervention. The intervention is viewed as psychological because this involves the changing behavior of the patients caused by anxiety or stress because in case of life-threatening illness, he may feel that he is no longer in control of his situation. This scenario is crucial in the management of treatment program because the patient may not show cooperation and willingness to survive that greatly affect the treatment process. Using the responses of the patients, medical practitioners and psychotherapist may develop right approaches to help these patients restore their self-efficacy and control. Due to these factors, many hospital institutions today develop right environment for patients experiencing control loss. Reference Williams, J. Koocher, G. (Fall 1998) Addressing Loss of Control in Chronic Illness: Theory and Practice. Psychotherapy 35 (3) 325 – 335.