John Forsyth One Of The Most Accomplished Statesman And...

John Forsyth was known as one of the most accomplished statesman and politicians in Georgia history. Forsyth was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia on October 22, 1780. His parents were Fanny Johnston Houston and Robert Forsythe. When he was five, John and his family moved to the beautiful city of Augusta, Georgia. When he was 13, his father, who was appointed the first U.S. marshal of the District of Georgia, was shot and killed while serving a warrant. Growing up, he attended Springer Academy in Wilkes County, Georgia. Later, he graduated from the College of New Jersey (which is known as Princeton University) in 1799. After graduating from college, he moved back to Augusta, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar (which is the procedure that governs the authorization of attorneys to practice law before the state and federal courts) in 1802. He married Clara Meigs, the daughter of Josiah Meigs, the first president of the University of Georgia that same year. Together, they h ad six daughters and two sons. His influences included his father, the city of Augusta, and his wife. In his earlier years, John Forsyth displayed great leadership skills and potential. He began practicing law with John Noel in Augusta, Georgia. Forsyth excelled in his practice and became known as an outstanding lawyer. After his experience of practicing law for six years, he was appointed to serve as Georgia’s Attorney General, which launched his successful political career in 1808. His career

Management and Technology Essay - 5706 Words

Technology in Business, a Literature Review Roger Charnock BUSI 610 Liberty University Abstract Technology has transformed the business world of the twenty first century. Business practices are affected in every level whether marketing, merchandising or human capital; new innovative technological ideas have improved companies infrastructure and management processes. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the influx of technology into the business sector and to determine how businesses have adopted technology into the business process. This paper reviewed four areas where technology has revolutionized business. A review of scholarly articles focused on four key areas: business evolution, small business, technology shifts, and†¦show more content†¦The modern era of technology was born during the Second World War; this was the coming of age for the computer. Towards the end of World War II International Business Machines helped the war effort by manufacturing a device that could translate encrypted messages. This was the beginning of computers; an article by Ms. Jooste explained that the CEO of IBM Mr. Watson was not sure that computers would be adopted for everyday business. In fact Mr. Watson stated that there would be a world market for maybe only five computers. However it would appear that Mr. Watson way underestimated the value of computers and how they would be used for business (Jooste, 2012). The mindset of managers from the past especially like that of Mr. Wilson would be amazed with the current computing capability which is probably in the billions. Technology has evolved where almost every person is affected by some sort of modern technology. Reinvention of Business By the 1950’s and 1960’s data processing began to transform organizations and business models. Universities began to teach keypunch and data processing along with programming. For the first time, problems that would take several minutes using a slide rule could be completed in seconds. Organizations developed business lines that would incorporate this technology. Data processing was especially important for manufacturing. Machines could now be automated with little or noShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Business Technology Management2223 Words   |  9 Pageslearning about his or her experience finding a job in the Finance sector after graduating. My second goal was to meet an alumni who had graduated from the Business Technology Management option to gain more knowledge on what the courses look like after second year and to also gain some insight into the direction that Business Technology Management takes you after graduating in relation to work. 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To reinforceRead MoreEssay on Lowes and Information Technology Management1748 Words   |  7 Pagessingle store and since has grown to become the second largest in the world. As technology has evolved, Lowe’s has made many advances incorporating new systems and devices to stay competitive. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information technology management systems used at Lowe’s. It will look at Porter’s Five Force Model, supply chain management; data base management system, five a gent-based technologies, e-commerce and system development lifecycle. Furthermore, it will look at businessRead MoreThe Impact Of Providing Information Technology Training For The Personnel Across A Healthcare Setting Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagespotential possibilities of implementing information technology across healthcare firms in the United States of America is extremely high mainly due to technological progress. 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Business innovation, for example, video conferencing, interpersonal organizations and virtual office innovation has evacuated work environment limits that beforehand constrained business development. With business innovation, organizations can focus on a more extensive client base and develop to larger amounts. Office innovation spares times by accelerating the work processRead MoreNotes On Management Of Technology Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 21st Century Technology-Intensive Organization Sai Santhosh Viavur 50158198 Assignment #1 TMGT 510 01B Management of Technology in Organizations Presented to: Dr. Jerry D. Parish, Professor of Technology Management October 18, 2016 Abstract Technology-intensive organizations are contributing to economic growth of any country. These companies are facing a lot of difficulties and competition. This article is mainly focused on how managers can control technology intensive work in

He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George Free Essays

This poem comes across as a declaration of love where the poet has used rich imagery and metaphorically described the sky as a cloth. He paints a beautiful image of the sky as being ‘inwrought with golden and silver light†, golden during the day and silver with the light of the moon. The picture created In the mind of the reader of spreading the cloths under her feet, Like a cloak, Is a romantic and chivalrous one. We will write a custom essay sample on He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tone In the beginning of ‘Cloths of Heaven’ Is one of exuberance as it describes a joyful, effervescent declaration of love but awards the end it changes to fearful as the poet considers that his love might be rejected. I believe this poem captures the pain of unanswered love which is capable of permanently wounding a person, hence to avoid being a victim of such a situation, Yeats is warning his love to be careful with his heart and dreams for he feels fragile and vulnerable in his declaration of love. George Herbert ‘Love’ on the other hand, explores his love for the Almighty. He draws attention to the fact that God is love. It shows God as a gracious host, perceptive and tolerant of the unavoidable failings of is honest followers, full of generosity and goodness, who overcomes all of objections to uniting ourselves with Him. The poet who Is keen on meeting God holds himself back because he feels undeserving as a result of the sins he has committed, which strengthen his belief In the fact that Is he not worthy enough to stand before the Almighty. God is portrayed to be so open, so loving and forgiving. All the poet’s protests are met with gentle persuasion, which is something that we all identify God’s loving nature with. Both the poems bring out different aspects of love. In ‘He wishes for the Cloths of Heaven’, Yeats talks about romantic love and the pain one must bear if that love is rejected, while George Herbert ‘Love’ not only describes his love for God but also talks about the Almighty loving nature but also the beauty of his love for mankind. Yet, the underlying factor in both the poems is Love. He wishes for the Cloths of Heaven – William Butler Yeats HAD I the heavens’ embroidered cloths, Inwrought with golden and silver light, The blue and the dim and the dark cloths T nylon anon align an I would spread the cloths under your feet: But l, being poor, have only my dreams; I have spread my dreams under your feet; Tread softly because you tread on my dreams. Love – George Herbert Love bade me welcome; yet my soul drew back, Guilty of dust and sin. But quick-eyed Love, observing me grow slack From my first entrance in, Drew nearer to me, sweetly questioning If I lacked anything. ‘A guest,’ I answer’s, ‘worthy to be here:’ Love said, ‘You shall be he. ‘ ‘l, the unkind, ungrateful? Ah, my dear, I cannot look on Thee. ‘ Love took my hand and smiling did reply, Who made the eyes but I? ‘ ‘Truth, Lord; but I have marred them: let my shame Go where it doth deserve. ‘ ‘And know you not,’ says Love, Who bore the blame? ‘ ‘My dear, then I will serve. ‘ ‘You must sit down,’ says Love, ‘and taste my meat. ‘ So I did sit and eat. Question 3 On this cold winter’s night Only poor street children are in sights She calls out to the man on the street â€Å"Sir, can you help me? It’s cold and I’ve nowhere to sleep, Is there somewhere you can tell me? † No blankets no shoes How on earth will they make it through He walks on, doesn’t look back He pretends he can’t hear her Starts to whistle as he crosses the street Seems embarrassed to be there Oh think twice, it’s another day for You and me in paradise Oh think twice, it’s Just another day for you, You Ana me In paradise He can see she’s been crying It’s such a sad sights To be out, on this cold night, 0 You should be in bed all nice and tight Not wet and cold, with no one to hold. She’s got blisters on the soles of her feet Can’t walk but she’s trying You are precious, were u ever told? 0 Someone should known Just where do they go? Oh lord, is there nothing more anybody can do Oh lord, there must be something you can say For, it is a sin! For these poor street children. To be in plain sights On this cold, wet winters night. You can tell from the lines on her face You can see that she’s been there Probably been moved on from every place ‘Coos she didn’t fit in there Another Day in Paradise – Phil Collins He walks on, doesn’t look back Oh! Think twice, it’s another day for Oh! Think twice, it’s Just another day for you, can Chi. WA K out sense trying Street Children No blankets, no shoes How on earth will they make it through Besides their cold faces,0 Wet legs and muddy traces. They stand here all alone With no umbrella nor a phone. 0 To be out, on this cold night,0 Not wet and cold, with no one to hold. 0 You are precious, were u ever told? 0 Just where do they go? 0 For is a sin! 0 For these poor street children. O ‘Another day in Paradise’ talks about the disheartening story of a poor, homeless child who has nowhere to sleep and is unable to bear the cold outside so she asks a man passing by if he knows of some place where she can go but her question is answered with silence as the man walks off, embarrassed to be there. The writer questions god f there is anything he can do to solve their problem and get rid of their pain. Hence, the plight of homeless children, their suffering and their pain is brought out in this Dialectal song Day panel Collins. An anonymous writer won napes to De a rescued homeless child has written the poem. Both, the song and the poem have an underlying theme, which is the pain and suffering of poor children with nowhere to go. In the poem, the poet compares the life of a street child to that of a regular child of the same age and brings out the difference between their lives. Like on a cold inters night, a child must be tucked into bed, not Wet and cold with none to hold’. Street children do not deserve to grow up in such horrid conditions. It is indeed a sin to see them suffer this way, and do nothing about it. They have nobody to look after them or look out for them. In this poem, the poet brings out the sadness in her heart stemming from the pain she feels by seeing little homeless children endure all the pain and suffering they do not deserve. Hence, in my opinion the poem and the song go well together as both are directed towards a common issue, the plight of homeless children. How to cite He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George, Papers

Anylazation of the poet rumis styel Essay Example For Students

Anylazation of the poet rumis styel Essay This is an annihilation of the poet rums style and how his phrasing and other components of his writing affect the way that it is visualized in the eyes of the reader By diethylstilbestrol The first poem by Rum that I read was entitled An Empty Garlic. The title threw me off at first, since it goes into this whole thing about an old woman, who the narrator is trying to discourage his friend from going after. Tasteless fig, fold over fold, empty as dry-rotten garlic. This line finally made the title ring through the piece, which tied up a loose end for me. I kind of agree with Rum, though how could a person desire a Oman that is described by this quote? Think about how rancid food becomes once it has begun to rot. Its disgusting. Personally I dont think I could ever describe another human being as dry-rotten garlic unless that person previously antagonized me. If he really thinks of this woman that way, then he should box up those opinions and let his friend find out on his own. One mans trash Is another mans treasure. Also Rum writes about how she has this other man trapped; yet her body Is a barren wasteland. Just because her body is not great, it says nothing about the fact that she loud possibly have a loving compassionate heart and a great mind. So is Rum leaving it that love should be based on looks? I think it is more plausible that he in fact twisted his message to make that option sound worse than it would if he only made a reference to It. You miss the garden, because you want a small fig from a random tree. In this quote Rum is trying to explain to his friend that he is almost wasting his love on this one woman. I understand the point Rum is trying to make, and that is that if a person is going to miss their life by letting it pass by while they are infatuated with en person, then it is not worth It. It seems like Rum is almost preaching to a younger man from self experience, and that the description was more of a woman In Rums past than the one that this younger man Is In love with. In the poem Theres Nothing Ahead, the mood is very anti-religious, but at the same time pro-everything. Its entitled theme brings up the topic of the apocalypse, which is insured into the poem by some phrasing. The miracle of Jesus is himself, not what he said or did about the future. This to me seems Like Rum has a very narrow view of hat Is to come, the problem with It Is that It seems Like he Is willing to wait for an infinite amount of time for this so called ending. I mean if it has not happened between biblical times and whenever Rum was writing, who is to say if it will ever actually happen. The next quote I took was actually the next sentence. Forget the future. To forget the future is impossible since it has not happened no one could know it. Also besides the apocalyptic theme there Is a little bit of an If you wish It, It will be so, sort of thing going on. This makes me think that Rum Is almost himself One thing I noticed when reading this over was the part about good and evil being mixed. If this were in fact, so then some of the things, which I interpreted before, would i n fact be incorrect, because the apocalypse is an evil ideal. .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .postImageUrl , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:hover , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:visited , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:active { border:0!important; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:active , .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bb1b2dfd6d81e487019447444e56afb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Judith Beveridge s Poetry EssaySo then Rum would not infect believe in the apocalypse, but I do not believe this is true. I think it is more that Rum is purposely contradicting himself to confuse the reader, so that they continue thinking. Rum has a very erratic yet completely legitimate style that is very fitting to the topics he talks of in his poems. Many of his poems are quite short, but are no less meaningful because of their shorter length. One thing I did not like was that he had a very religious and preacher like style, but this may have been dictated by the era in which he wrote these poems. All in all they were very insightful poems and quite easy to interpret and analyze. (Anthology, 102) Citations: First Year Seminar Anthology I Rum, assorted poems pig. 102 Process Notes: I had written two short pages in my response Journal on Rum poems previous to the assignment of this assignment. So all I really had to do was expand and polish work I had already done. This assignment was very fun since I really like poetry and the inhalations there in. Also I had a lot of fun with many of the topics that Rum talked about and most of them seemed quite humorous to me. I did take my paper to the writing center and have a tutor review the grammar with me Just to make sure I had correct punctuation and spelling. This resource is very helpful and reassuring that I am handing in the best work I could possibly do, and this feeling is quite pleasing. Also this is one of the first papers that I ever started during a break from school, this took a lot of burden off my back for when I came back and I did not have as much ark as I normally would have. This pressure being lifted was a lifesaver since I actually had a presentation due in another class, which I had forgotten about. When I came back from vacation and realized that I had this presentation since I had already made a good start on this paper I could devote more time to preparing for my presentation. All in all I really liked this shorter length paper assignment since it forced up to focus on getting all the points we wanted to express into this small a space and this in turn made the quality reflect how much work was put into the small area given.

Tender of Performance Essay Example

Tender of Performance Essay Parijat Mishra of BBA LLB (A), 1st Semester, under roll number 1282060, am highly grateful to my teachers Mr Puranjoy Ghosh and Ms Jinia Kundu for their untiring help and encouragement during the course of my project titled Tender Of Performance. I highly acknowledge, with deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness, the coordination and support I received throughout the course of work. Thank You Parijat Mishra) Roll No. 1282060 Contents Sl. No| Topic| Page No. | 1| List of Abbreviations and Cases| 1| 2| Introduction| 2| 3| Significance of Tender Of Performance| 3| 4| Relevance in Indian Contract Law| 4| 5| Relevant Case Summaries| 5| 6| Conclusion| 6| 7| Bibliography| 7| List of Abbreviations and Cases No significant abbreviations have been used in this project. The list of cases referred in the project and some basic definitions are provided below. Cases referred (with citation) : * Startup v MacDonald (1843) 6 Mann amp; G 593 Planche v Colburn   [1831] EWHC KB J56 Kings Bench Division * Cutter v Powell [1795] EWHC KB J13 Definitions of some basic terms used (Extracted from the Indian Contract Act, 1872) : * Proposal :- When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. * Promise : When a person to whom the proposal is made, signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when a accepted, becomes a promise Promisee and Promisor : The person making the proposal is called the promisor, and the person accepting the proposal is called promisee * Contract : An agreement enforceable by law is a contract Introduction The phrase Tender Of Performance can be defined as follows An offer or attempt to do what is required under a contract or under the law. However, to completely understand the meaning and scope of the term, we require some more data and analysis. Firstly, we need t o understand the meaning of the word tender.It can be defined as an offer to do or perform an act which the party offering, is bound to perform to the party to whom the offer is made. Performance refers to the fulfilment or accomplishment of a promise, contract, or other obligation according to its terms. From the definitions mentioned above we can clearly infer that tender of performance refers to being ready to perform a contract. Performance can be actual as well as attempted. If one party offers to perform his promise under the contract, it is called tender of performance.In this project, the importance/significance of tender of performance and its relevance in Indian Contract Law will be observed. Additionally, we will be looking at some important cases which helped establish the principles of the given topic. Significance of Tender of Performance In almost all laws relating to contract, a valid tender of performance is equivalent to actual performance. So, it should be necess ary to properly establish what can be considered as tender of performance. Essential Requisites of a Valid Tender : 1. Unconditional The tender should be unconditional, i. e. made in accordance with the terms of the contract. There should be no new or conflicting conditions present. 2. Whole Obligation An offer to perform the promise in part will not be considered a valid tender. Apart from some exceptions (If tender in instalments is allowed in the contract), there has to be the whole obligation for a valid tender. 3. Made At a Proper Time And Place If any fixed time and place is mentioned in the contract, then the tender of performance has to be made at that time. If nothing such is mentioned, then the tender of performance must be done at a reasonable and proper place and time. . Made To The Proper Promisee The tender has to be made to the proper promisee. Tender made to an authorised agent would be valid but tender made to a stranger would obviously be invalid. 5. Reasonabl e Opportunity It should be provided to the promisee to inspect the quality and quantity of the type of goods agreed upon and to satisfy himself that they are according to the terms of the contract. Two more essentials can also be considered : 6. Person Giving Tender Must be Willing to Perform The person giving the tender must be willing and capable to perform the whole of what he was bound by the contract to do. . Tender Of Money Tender of money should always be made in the legal tender money and not in any other form If these essentials are fulfilled then one can safely conclude that a tender of performance has been made. Once the promisor makes a valid tender of performance, it is then for the promisee to accept the performance. If the tender of performance is rejected by the other party, the promisor is not responsible for non-performance and is entitled to sue the promise for breach of the contract.Relevance In Indian Contract Law The Indian Contract Act, 1872, recognises te nder of performance and its important role in Contract Law. Section 38 mentions situations when tender of performance is not accepted by the promisee. It states 38. Effect of refusal to accept offer of performance Where a promisor has made an offer of performance to the promisee, and the offer has not been accepted, the promisor is not responsible for non-performance, nor does he thereby lose his rights under the contract.Every such offer must fulfill the following conditions (1) it must be unconditional; (2) it must be made at a proper time and place, and under such circumstances that the person to whom it is made may have a reasonable opportunity of ascertaining that the person by whom it is been made is able and willing there and then to do the whole of what he is bound by his promise to do; (3) if the offer is an offer to deliver anything to the promisee, the promisee must have a reasonable opportunity of seeing that the thing offered is the thing which the promisor is bound b y his promise to deliver.An offer to one of several joint promisees has the same legal consequences as an offer to all of them. Section 38 basically implies that the promisor has the right, after such situation occurs, to terminate the contract and claim damages. The promisor can also still demand performance instead of termination. However, many commentators have stated that the promisees refusal of money as opposed to goods and services does not discharge the debtor from its obligation to pay. It is observed from the facts that the position of Indian Contract Law regarding tender of erformance is very similar to that of European Law and International Law principles. Relevant Case Summaries Many significant cases around the world helped shape the principles of performance and tender of performance. Some of them are mentioned below. 1. Startup v MacDonald A contract stated that 10 tons of oil were to be delivered to the defendant within the last 14 days of March. The claimant del ivered the oil at 8. 30pm Saturday March 31st. The defendant refused to accept the delivery because of the lateness of the hour. Held:The claimant had tendered performance within the agreed contractual period and was thus entitled to damages for non acceptance. 2. Planche v Colburn The claimant agreed to write a book on costume and armour for the defendant as part of a series called the Juvenile Library. The agreed contract price was ? 100 to be payable on completion. The claimant commenced writing and had completed a great deal of it when the defendant cancelled the series. The defendant refused to pay the claimant despite his undertaking and the fact that the claimant was still willing to complete. The claimant brought an action to enforce payment.Held: The claimant was entitled to recover ? 50 because the defendant had prevented the performance. 3. Cutter v Powell The claimants husband agreed by contract to act as a second mate on the ship the Governor Parry on a return voyage to Jamaica. The voyage was to take eight weeks and he was to be paid on completion. A term in the contract stated: Ten days after the ship Governor Parry, myself master, arrives at Liverpool, I promise to pay to Mr. T. Cutter the sum of thirty guineas, provided he proceeds, continues and does his duty as second mate in the said ship from hence to the port of Liverpool.Kingston, July 31st, 1793. Six weeks into the voyage the claimants husband died. The claimant sought to claim a sum to represent the six weeks work undertaken. Held: The wifes action failed. Payment was on condition that he worked the ship to Liverpool, since he did not fulfil this condition the widow was entitled to nothing. Conclusion Compared to other similar concepts in Contract Law, tender of performance cannot be considered as a huge and/or complicated idea. It is a simple theory which is followed universally almost in the exact same manner.It is simply an offer to perform, which has to be unconditional, and if re jected, can lead to termination of a contract. Someone with a basic grasp of Contract Law and its function would easily be able to understand this concept. It is very important to consider tender of performance as something equivalent to performance. This has both legal and moral reasons. Legally, one has to look at a situation from all possible angles. So, the principles regarding offer to perform should exist along with normal performance.From a moral viewpoint, it is observed that there may be a lot of problems faced by the society if only full performance of obligations is considered. It may lead to chaos, and fewer contracts being formed, which would break down society bit by bit. This view may sound alarmist, but it is firmly placed in logic. Therefore, in conclusion, tender of performance is a short but important aspect that should be taken into consideration while framing rules for contract formation. Bibliography * Books Referred 1. Arun Kumar, Mercantile Law (Atlantic Publ ishers amp; Dist, 01-Jan-2002) 2.Purnakam Dash, Business Regulatory Framework (Pearson Education India, 2012, First Edition) 3. Lars Meyer, Non-Performance and Remedies under International Contract Law Principles and Indian Contract Law, Peter Lang, 07-Dec-2010 * Websites Referenced 1. Juridical Dictionary (http://www. juridicaldictionary. com/Tender_of_performance. htm), accessed on 30/09/2012 2. Legal Dictionary The Free Dictionary (http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/tender), accessed on 30/09/2012 3. Government Of India Online Business Resource (http://business. gov. n/legal_aspects/contract_law. php), accessed on 01/10/2012 4. Case Summaries from E-Law Resources (http://www. e-lawresources. co. uk/Discharge-through-performance. php), accessed on 01/10/2012 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * [ 1 ]. Juridical Dictionary (http://www. juridicaldictionary. com/Tender_of_performance. htm ) [ 2 ]. Legal Dictionary The Free Dictionary (http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/tender) [ 3 ].Arun Kumar, Mercantile Law (Atlantic Publishers Dist, 01-Jan-2002), Pg 142 [ 4 ]. Purnakam Dash, Business Regulatory Framework (Pearson Education India, 2012, First Edition), Pg 40 [ 5 ]. Government Of India Online Business Resource (http://business. gov. in/legal_aspects/contract_law. php) [ 6 ]. Lars Meyer, Non-Performance and Remedies under International Contract Law Principles and Indian Contract Law, Peter Lang, 07-Dec-2010, Pg 64 [ 7 ]. E-Law Resources (http://www. e-lawresources. co. uk/Discharge-through-performance. php) [ 8 ]. (1843) 6 Mann G 593

Case Study Writing

Case Study Writing In higher education, students are often required to write case studies. Used in most (if not all) academic disciplines, a case study serves to provide a thorough analysis of a situation, or â€Å"case.† Its purpose is to reveal interesting information about a classification of things – and is analytical in nature. Perhaps it’s best to see the case as the â€Å"real-life† situation; the case study is the analysis of this situation.  Fundamentally, case studies seek to solve a problem. For example, a business student may perform a case study on a particular company; while the political science student might conduct one on a particular country or a political ideology. In a psychology course, a case study could be written about a person’s mental illness, or how kids with cerebral palsy learn to read and write and speak, for a more specific example. Case studies cover a broad range of topics – but there is one underlying theme: they highlight a larger problem or issue, a real-life situation, in the field and, through heavy research and the application of theories, concepts and common knowledge in a field of study, serve to illuminate those problems through an in-depth study of its application to an individual or single unit. There are two approaches to writing a case study.  One is the Analytical Approach, where the case study is performed in an attempt to understand what has happened and why and does not identify a problem or suggest solutions.  The other approach to a case study is the Problem-Oriented Method used to identify existing problems and then suggesting solutions to said problems. Case Studies Should Always: Apply the knowledge and ideas covered in a course to a practical, real-life situation Identify – then suggest solutions to – present problems Recommend the BEST solution to these problems Detail exactly how this solution should be incorporated The Five Steps to Writing a Case Study Step 1. Choose a subject, issue or problem, and conduct thorough research on that topic (by using books, journals, magazines, and newspapers). Of course, the issue should pertain to the course in which the assignment is given, and the student should make sure to record these sources for later. Step 2. Choose a case â€Å"site† – a location, organization, company, or even individuals experiencing a problem – then plan and set up interviews. Remember: interviewees should, for example, be involved in the same company or organization, or the case â€Å"site,† with a common interest in solving the problem. Step 3. Conduct interviews. This is a crucial step to a case study. Ask interviewees what solutions have already been attempted, as well as inquired about their feelings about the situation, and what they could, perhaps, do differently to solve the underlying problem in the future. Open-ended questions are best – What is working? How did the situation develop? Stay away from yes or no questions for an objective analysis. Step 4. Organize and analyze the information gathered from the interviews and the research to identify which are most pertinent in solving the problem. Step 5. Double-check all the information on the case study, make your conclusions, and voila its ready. You may be interested in: Critical Analysis How to Write an Argumentative Essay Book Report Writing Writing Effective Assignments Tips on Improving Students Study Skills The Eight Sections of a Case Study:   Synopsis/Executive Summary outlining the purpose of the case study, a description of research, a broad outline of the issues and findings, and the theory being used   Analysis, which identifies the problems in the case and is supported by factual evidence   Discussion summarizing the major problems, which identifies alternative solutions to these problems; it should briefly outline each alternative solution, and then evaluate the advantages/disadvantages of each   Conclusion – it should sum up the main points gathered from findings and the discussions   Recommendations explaining what alternative solutions should be adopted to solve the problem, briefly justifying these solutions in a persuasive manner. In this section, integration of theory pertinent to the coursework is most appropriate   Implementation explaining what should be done, by whom and when   References used in the case study   Appendices may be used to note any original data relating to the study that may have interrupted the flow of the main body These are basic case study writing steps. If you need any further assistance and/or guidance with your case study, is the service that is happy to assist. Simply send us your requirements, attach any relevant files and send it over. We will analyze your assignment and then provide feedback on how it should be done. Additionally, we can provide additional counseling and guidance on case study writing by providing a sample case study response. You will then be able to use this model paper as a sample to work on your subsequent case study assignments. is happy to be your academic advisor!

Many topics you can chose from Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Many topics you can chose from - Essay Example Ground water can also lead to formation of wetlands or oases. There are ways in which ground water can be extracted from the earth’s surface for a score of uses. It can be used for home purposes, industrial usage, in addition to agricultural use for activities like irrigation. This can be possible by construction of extraction wells that draws water underneath the surface of the earth. Ground water has been distributed differently under the surface of the earth. In addition, underground water undergoes movement under the earth’s ground. Study of ground water motions, plus distribution is known as hydrogeology. It is also called ground water hydrology. Ground water can also include soil moisture, immobile water that is found in bedrocks that have very low permeability, and oil formation water that is found very deep in the earth’s surface. Ground water is thought to act as lubricants that cause movement of faults. The points under the surface of the earth where ground water originates are identified as aquifers. An aquifer has layers of porous materials that contain and transmit water. When aquifer is not confined, water can move freely between the earth’s surface and the saturated zone of an aquifer. Since gravity causes water to move downwards, deeper zones of the aquifer are further saturated as compared to the upper parts. Water table refers to the upper zone of the saturated layer of an unconfined aquifer. Below the water table, all spore spaces are saturated with water. This zone is known as phreatic zone. There is a substrate that slight porosity and allows little transmission of ground water. This substrate is called an aquitard. Aquifers have diverse features depending on the geology, and the structure of the substrate as well as the topography in which they happen. Aquifers that contain a high amount of water are situated in sedimentary geologic formations. Crystalline rocks that are weathered and fractured produce a

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

International Finance - Essay Example The exchange rate is a variable of the International Fisher Effect, which states that the value of a currency of a nation whose interest rate is relatively higher is likely to depreciate against the value of currency of another country whose interest rate is relatively lower (Madura 2011, pp. 114-120). On that note, the paper presents the importance of the international finance; the factors influencing the exchange rate and discussion of the findings of the IFE test. The test will be conducted using the UK interest rate and the exchange rate between the UK and Greece’s currency from the year 2005 to 2014. The method adopted during the IFE test is a regression analysis (the coefficient of correlation) (Sowa & Acquaye 1999, pp. 2-10). The concept of the international finance can be strongly grasped after its elements are uncovered. The elements are the interest rate, the exchange rate, the inflation rate, export, and imports, etc. The following two theories are influenced by the mentioned factors: the International Fisher Effect (IFE) and the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The international finance refers to cross-border borrowing/lending of funds and any other transaction between the local and the foreign countries the leads to movement of funds, assets, and capital between the trading countries. The idea of Purchasing Power Parity contends that the prices of resembling products should be equal in different countries, when the currencies of the trading countries are converted into a single currency. There are two types of the purchasing power parity. That is, the absolute and relative purchasing power parity (Mankiw 2009, pp. 707-709). The theory of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity asserts that the real prices of commodities must be identical in all countries. Thus, the absolute Purchasing power parity is realizable when the purchasing strength of the local and foreign currency is alike, after the conversion of the currencies to foreign denomination, using the

Human Resource Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Planning - Case Study Example This paper outlines that it is also necessary to establish a framework for the competency of the team. This will involve all employees from every department within the organisation. It is also vital to consider the long-term requirements to make the framework more relevant. This involves the process of collecting information and hence the most important step that dictates the success of the entire project. It includes the adoption of the best techniques for collecting the information concerning the roles and responsibilities of each member. It includes observing people while they perform their roles in case of those that are observable, interviewing the workers to learn what people believe and know and creating a questionnaire that will assist in obtaining the most important data. There is the need for spending more time while considering the issues of validity and reliability of the data. The use of standardized job assessment questionnaires can greatly provide good assistance. It n ow follows the analysis of the work and includes an understanding of the behaviours used in performing the job. Key considerations may include business plans, objectives, strategies, job descriptions, principles of the organisation, future predictions as well as the needs of customers and suppliers. It is necessary to employ the best techniques to achieve accurate and comprehensive results. Moving to the next step means reorganizing the information gathered into greater competencies to help in analyzing and groupings of the data in an effective manner. The step requires the grouping of the skills and behaviours into core competencies.

Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema

Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema In this paper we are going to discuss the position of Laura Malvey in her work Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. The psychoanalytic interpretation of the position of women viewers gets back to the famous essay by Laura Mulvey Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, the original thesis of which was that the film form is structured by the unconscious of the patriarchal society and that woman as a spectator is always imposed the rules of a foreign game getting of the male type of pleasure for example, inherently scopophilic pleasure from the examination of the female body. But the issue in this work is not only and not so much about the pleasure itself, but about more serious things how the vision is the instance of identification formation of the subject through the visual practices and how the power is incorporated into the play that is, the question is raised in the work about the ideological effects of the basic cinematic apparatus. Mulvey argued that ideology is involved in forming the subjectivity of the individual at the level of the unconscious and that is how a female spectator, through borrowing the male gaze, takes the ideology of a patriarchal society, which is imposed. Laura Mulvey (1975) in Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema explains how the traditional Hollywood film claims the scopophilic view: In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its phantasy on to the female form which is styled accordingly. In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. The woman, demonstrated as a sexual object, acts as a leitmotif of erotic spectacle. The formulated problem in this context may be solved through a strong deconstruction of the vision machine, which constitutes a woman as an image, and a man as an owner of the sight. Mulvey proposes to destroy the voayeristic-scopophilic opinion, consistently destroying cinematic codes that postulate such view. Will this be the solution of the problem? Mulveys emphasis on the analysis of the specific of the cinematographic system, with all its radical and provocative judgements, seems to be legitimate. The real is the question of the discursive mediation properties. However, in general, the psychoanalytic criticism of visual representations may also have a profound methodologic effect. As we have alreqady stated, the main ideas of Mulveys research approach are formulated by her in the work Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. The impact of this approach extended not only to the tudy of movies but also to television, advertising and other forms of visual culture. The researcher begins her studies with the basic ideas of psychoanalysis a postulation of sexual differences as the axis of meaning and the center of the oedipal drama. Mulvey (1975) made the psychoanalytic theory as the basis for interpretation of the mystery of movie: The fascination of film is reinforced by pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the individual subject and the social formations that have moulded him. According to the researcher, the movie does not only stimulates and trains scopophilic bents (the pleasure of spying), but also satisfies the repressed desire to show off, the exhibitionism. Even so the movie does not only quenche the scopophilic thirst, but also brings it to the narcissism, satisfying the human need of identification with others, in this case with anyone or anything on the screen. On the one hand, the film is designed for the fact that the audience identifies itself with a particular character, his logic, so that for the audience everything could be clear. On the other hand, the viewer tends to present himself in a strange role. Just in time for psychodynamics occurring between these two processes, the phenomenon of narrative cinema, about which Laura Mulvey writes, is built. In this vein, it is appropriate to recall the ideas that the cinema performance actualizes and intensifies the processes of an affective internal projection-identification in the viewer, who has the ability to act and move. At the same time Laura Mulvey is developing a theory of the male look under which a woman appears as an image, and a man as the bearer of the look. That is, according to the researcher, in the movies women simultaneously function as erotic objects for the male audience, that gets a scopophilic pleasure from their presence, and as erotic objects for the male characters , with whom the male audience may identify itself. The third and decisive spectator, in addition to the male protagonist and the male audience, is a camera, which by means of choosing a particular angle, and a sequence of frames represents an opportunity to double the pleasure of scopophilia and identification. The researcher firmly binds the audience view with the function of the cinema in general. Hall (2003) stated that cinema is capable to control our mind, to make us identify with its images. It was originally created for the visual experience and for the viewers empathy. Therefore, the point of the location of view, its place and its direction, according to Mitchell (1995), are incredibly important and determine the film industry as such. Such a perfect ability to focus the mind distinguishes cinema from other shows. Laura Mulvey concludes that the codes involved in the movie and having a direct relation to the external structures (social and economic conditions), must be learnt for their transformation, for creation of other movies and critics of the effects and characteristics of visual pleasure, which is provided by the traditional movie plot. The attempt of L. Mulvey to show using psychoanalytic theory , how unconscious in a patriarchal society forms the film had a very important and significant impact on the further development of the feminist film criticism. Further, the theories of the female look in art are also actively appearing and developing As for the contemporary cultural and feminist theory, its main subject is an everyday life, where there is a specific articulation of social structures. Today there is a fundamental shift in the feminist studies in general. According to Evans and Hall (2005) we see that this is the transition from the deterministic explanations of womens subordination to the media to the analysis of the processes of symbolization and representation. In other words, the problem of studies of mass media moved from the determining of the reasons of situation for womens subordination in culture and society to the review of symbolic aspects of the functioning of cultural products and tools of mass communication in general. The advantage of the research approach Mulvey is that she is one of the first to articulate the existence of a gender specificity of modern movies, to draw attention to the presence of the third spectator which was not previously noticed a camera, on the position of sight of which further specifics of the construction and interaction of the images in the film depends. Her ideas had a strong influence on the avant-garde trend in the cinema. At the same time Mulvey was interested in the universal mechanisms of constructing a plot of the film, as well as the mechanism of influence of specific film image to the audience through the identification process. Laura Mulvey, the author of the article Visual pleasure and narrative cinema, says that in the movie the traditional division of labor is used: a woman serves as a subject for a look, a man serves as an examining person. The camera a cinema eye inherits the role of a man, who looks through the lens of cultural cliches. The product of this view is an active authoritativeness of the erotic gaze directed at the female body, and narrative patterns of the melodramatic cinema. An endless variety of genre roles for the calibration of all the shades of seduction, desire, flirting or classical coldness are available to the actresses. It goes without saying that the text of the work, with todays perspective, seems to be too radical, too provocative, tapering to limit the sex differences, abounding in bold (for the uninitiated in the mysteries of psychoanalysis) terminology and may be somewhat alien to our consciousness, but at the same time this is the most representative and the most authoritative work, which gives quite a clear idea about the specifics of feminist psychoanalytic cinema theory. In addition, this work is an explicit demonstration of how the feminist critique has expropriated and used the psychoanalytic discourse to overcome traditional psychoanalysis negativism against women dating back to Freud, with his own means. In our work we have to give two examples from visual culture and discuss how Mulveys thesis may be convincing in one instance but tested to its limitations in another. For this discussion I propose to take two films: Rare Window by Alfred Hitchcock and Juno by Jason Reitman. The film Rare Window by Alfred Hitchcock is convincing the thesis of Laura Malvey that Man is the bearer of the look while Woman connotes to-be-looked-at-ness. The main character of this film is put in such conditions that he has to be scopophilic. A photographer Jeffries has broken his leg and now he has to watch everything going outside through the window. The film reveals to us one of the main needs of men peep through the keyhole, figuratively speaking. It is really impossible to keep away from such a forbidden fruit. And the blame of everything is curiosity, namely it moves the main mechanisms in a man, allowing to forget about other equally important needs (food, rest, sex) and exciting the imagination at a time. In this film everything is concentrated around the man, Jeffries, women are just a phone here. As to the film that is tested to the limitations of Malveys thesis it should be noticed it is very hard to find such because such films began to appear not so long time ago. These are the films with a strong woman in the main role. For example I would like to propose the film Juno by Jason Reitman. The main heroine of this film is a young girl who is pregnant and who gets perfectly well with her problems. All the actions in the film are concentrated around this young lady Juno and in difference to the films in which everything is made for men, this film limits the thesis of Laura Malvey that Man is the bearer of the look while Woman connotes to-be-looked-at-ness by our vision of the main heroine.

The Country of Libya Essay -- essays research papers

Libya Libya is a Country located in northern Africa, 90% of Libya’s land is covered by the Sahara Desert. There are no lakes or rivers, all of the country’s water supply is from underground. Libya is one of the largest countries in Africa, but largely due to its vast desert environment, the population is less than most of the other countries. Libya also has no water above ground, everything comes either from the ocean or the underground water systems that irrigate the underside of Libya. Libya’s flag is solid green, the only flag in the world with one colour and design, Libya also has a huge history of religions and cultured as well as some of the oldest architecture on the planet. Location Libya is located in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean Sea which provides a northern coastal border. On the east Libya borders Egypt and Sudan and on the west Libya borders Tunisia and Algeria. To the south Libya has Chad and Niger as neighboring countries. One may ask what type of relations that Libya has with these bordering countries. Libya occupies a very interesting position. Libya has a long history of great trade relations with these other countries. Trade between these countries has depended on two types of routes which are the â€Å"western† route and the â€Å"commercial† route. The commercial route is used every season and leads to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Place Libya extends over 1,759,540 square kilometers (679,182 square miles), making it the 16th largest nation in the world. The climate is a mostly dry, desert climate. The northern regions however enjoy a milder Mediterranean climate. Geographic regions: Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan. The chief cities are the capital Tripoli in northwest Libya and Bengh... ...hat covers the body from the knees to the neck regardless of the temperature, which sometimes can go above 40 degrees C. Certain beaches especially for tourists are also available. All drugs and alcohol are banned and this applies to all visitors. Libya is one of the safest countries in the world since the crime rate is very low. You do not need to be concerned about your safety in Libya, although you may get lots of fascinated looks from the locals if you travel there. Arabic is the main language and English is the second language. Almost everyone in Libya can speak English. Conclusion Libya, though very dry and uninhabited, contains much history and ancient architecture. It is a very interesting country, and to think that that much land can be covered by flat desert is amazing. Libya is a well run country and very populated considering the conditions. The Country of Libya Essay -- essays research papers Libya Libya is a Country located in northern Africa, 90% of Libya’s land is covered by the Sahara Desert. There are no lakes or rivers, all of the country’s water supply is from underground. Libya is one of the largest countries in Africa, but largely due to its vast desert environment, the population is less than most of the other countries. Libya also has no water above ground, everything comes either from the ocean or the underground water systems that irrigate the underside of Libya. Libya’s flag is solid green, the only flag in the world with one colour and design, Libya also has a huge history of religions and cultured as well as some of the oldest architecture on the planet. Location Libya is located in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean Sea which provides a northern coastal border. On the east Libya borders Egypt and Sudan and on the west Libya borders Tunisia and Algeria. To the south Libya has Chad and Niger as neighboring countries. One may ask what type of relations that Libya has with these bordering countries. Libya occupies a very interesting position. Libya has a long history of great trade relations with these other countries. Trade between these countries has depended on two types of routes which are the â€Å"western† route and the â€Å"commercial† route. The commercial route is used every season and leads to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Place Libya extends over 1,759,540 square kilometers (679,182 square miles), making it the 16th largest nation in the world. The climate is a mostly dry, desert climate. The northern regions however enjoy a milder Mediterranean climate. Geographic regions: Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan. The chief cities are the capital Tripoli in northwest Libya and Bengh... ...hat covers the body from the knees to the neck regardless of the temperature, which sometimes can go above 40 degrees C. Certain beaches especially for tourists are also available. All drugs and alcohol are banned and this applies to all visitors. Libya is one of the safest countries in the world since the crime rate is very low. You do not need to be concerned about your safety in Libya, although you may get lots of fascinated looks from the locals if you travel there. Arabic is the main language and English is the second language. Almost everyone in Libya can speak English. Conclusion Libya, though very dry and uninhabited, contains much history and ancient architecture. It is a very interesting country, and to think that that much land can be covered by flat desert is amazing. Libya is a well run country and very populated considering the conditions.

Ethics Game Reflective Journal Essay

Nursing has evolved throughout the years. Gone are the days that the existence of nursing geared towards following the orders of senior members on the profession and initiation of routine procedures. In today’s nursing, nurses are valued and needed for their reasoning as well as intellectual skills. The changes in nursing require the desire to be more responsible and contributory to the wellbeing of those that needed care. These changes led to more complex ethical dilemmas that nurses’ encounter. This paper aims to provide a reflection on the Ethical Dilemmas presented on the Ethics Game Simulation, the decision-making steps taken to address the ethical issues, how the ethical concepts influenced the decisions made, and the application of the ethical concepts to a medical-surgical unit. The Case of the Troubled Teen This case illustrates Rachel Banks a 16 year-old teenager who got pregnant out of wedlock and currently on her tenth hour of labor on the OB/GYN unit at Seva Medical Center. She’s accompanied by her parents. Rachel’s parents are instructing the staff nurses to withhold the pain medication as punishment for getting pregnant before getting married. Since Rachel Banks is a minor, legally, the parents can decide for her. The nurses are concerned due to the possible detrimental health effects that the situation can cause to Rachel and her unborn baby, Lily. The nurses also became aware that the parents may not be fully educated on the consequences of their decision. In order to make an ethical decision on this case, I used the Baird Decision Model which provided five frameworks: Step 1: Be attentive, Step 2: Be Intelligent, Step 3: Be Reasonable, Step 4: Be Responsible, and Step 5: Be Reflective (University of Phoenix, 2013). The main issue in this case is how to ensure that Rachel and the baby get appropriate and timely medical care. I reviewed the e-mails and communications gathered in order to get a picture of the situation and see that the best possible solution arise. Upon understanding the main issue of this case, I’ve identified that the primary stakeholders includes; Rachel Banks, her parents, her unborn child, the staff nurse, and the primary nurse because they will be impacted on the decisions made in this situation. After identifying the main issue and the primary stakeholders, using the rights/responsibilities lens I was able to identify that my obligations and duties includes providing the best possible care to Rachel Banks and her unborn child, not to accommodate parents who are harming their child, and also support my staff’s professional improvement. On the results lens, I was able to recognize what would create the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders which was to involve the nurses and the parents in assessing need for medication intervention and also provide information for aftercare support and education. I believe that the decision made on this scenario benefits both the patient and her family. By involving the parents in the assessment of Rachel’s medical needs, conflict is alleviated and thus, creates a positive outcome. The Case of the Policies and Politics This case is about Alain Trottier, a patient brought in the emergency room by his domestic partner, Yves. Alain was admitted to the ICU unit and has been unconscious. The day- shift supervisor, Carlotta Baldwin is preventing Yves from seeing the patient and refuses provide information regarding the patient because he is not an actual family member. However, according to the hospital policy, domestic partners are to be treated as married couples for the purposes of access and, most importantly, when it must be determined who can make medical decisions for a patient unable to give their own consent. My duty as the nurse taking care of Alain is to identify the critical issue in this situation which is the equal treatment and access of gay partners at Seva Medical Center as equal to those of straight couples. Upon identifying this as the main issue, it is easier to analyze the problem. Again, the following stakeholders were identified: Alain Trottier (patient), Yves (domestic partner), C arlotta Baldwin, RN (shift supervisor), Amelia Flinch (Director of Nursing), the shareholders of the hospital, and lastly, I the staff nurse taking care of Alain. This scenario has led to the identification of relationship lens. The relationship lens focuses on the community. The main concern of this lens is to provide basic liberties to all people (University of Phoenix, 2013). The three rights represented in this case were: right to participate in decision-making for an unconscious family member, right to have hospital policy regarding participation by family members implemented, and right to be informed that your interpretation of hospital policy is inaccurate. I believe that these rights are the major component of this lens because it focuses on the patient, family, and healthcare providers. Upon understanding the basic rights related to this situation, the following actions such as educating all employees with hospital policies, establishing a taskforce to make sure that the policies are put into practice and conducting yearly audits to make sure that the policies are implemented. These actions will ensure that the patient will benefit greatly on the policies placed on the facility. Lastly, the reputation lens discusses the virtues important for leadership; core competencies such as managing diversity, problem-solving, self-knowledge, decision quality and fairness. These values are important because of the overall positive effect that it can bring to the patient and the facility. My final decision in this case is to note on Alain’s chart that Yves is to be given access and treated as family. Speak to Carlotta about my decision and let my supervisor know. I believe that this decision has no risk. This decision has demonstrated that I am fully knowledgeable on the hospital policies and also implementing what I know for the benefit of my patient. By assuring equal access will likely improve the hospital’s status in the community. Lastly, by informing Carlotta Baldwin and the supervisor know of the decision can be a message that further education is needed for all employees to be more aware and knowledgeable of the hospital policies. Ethical Dilemma at a Medical-Surgical Unit I’ve been working as a RN at a medical-surgical unit for almost a year now. I still consider myself as a novice nurse and I feel that I haven’t been exposed to a lot of ethical dilemmas. However, I believe that pain management or providing pain relief can be an ethical dilemma for any nurse. The ethical issue is this: can we as nurses undertreat a patient’s pain because we are concerned about the repercussions or because we know that the patient is addicted to the medication. I believe when challenging situations like this arise, I need to be conscious of my own biases and make evidence-based decisions that can provide optimal treatment to the patient. By not being judgmental, I can fully assess what would benefit my patient greatly and include him/her on the treatment plan- giving autonomy. By including the patient I can also decrease the harm because I will have a better understanding of what will work best for my patient, and lastly, by hindering my biases I will be able to treat my patient’s pain in a non-discriminating way possible. As nurses continues to encounter complex ethical dilemmas as the profession and society gears forward, we must still go back on the foundation of nursing in accordance to the mission of Florence Nightingale; nurses are missioners of health dedicated to the advancement of human welfare. References: University of Phoenix. (2013). Ethics Game Simulation [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS478 website.

Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl

â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† is the story of a girl born into slavery who’s will and determination never waiver as she fights for her freedom and the freedom of her children. Harriet Jacobs’ story brings to life the reality of slavery; the cruelty, the sexual relationships between master and slave, the psychological abuse, the separation of slave families, the dangers of escape, and the kindness that can be found in the middle of it all. Harriet was fortunate to be born into a position in which she could live with her mother and father and in fact did not even know she was a slave until her mother died. At that time she was sent to live with her mother’s mistress. This was also a fortunate position as her mistress was kind and compassionate and vowed to care for her in thanks for the many loyal years of service her mother had provided. However, her luck would not last as her mistress died and left Harriet to her niece, a five year old girl. This is when Dr. Norcom, the father of her mistress, entered her life and changed it forever. At only 15 years old Dr. Norcom began pursuing and harassing Harriet sexually but her hatred for him and the moral upbringing provided by her grandmother made her continually refuse and evade him. Harriett met another white man who became her lover and had two children with him. Because of the laws of that time her two children immediately became the property of Dr. Norcom as she was. Their father tried to buy her and their children but Dr. Norcom refused. Because of this, Harriett feared for her children and seriously began planning an escape. She ran away and after being hidden a few places by friends of the family she finally was hidden in the tiny crawl space above her grandmother’s house. The space was barely large enough for her body and allowed only limited movement. The space had no insulation or ventilation and so provided unbearable conditions for Harriett... Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Harriet Jacobs’ memoir, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, shows us the life of a female slave and the abuse she suffered at the hands of her master. This was very different than the abuse we have witnessed from the other slaves we’ve read about. This book was very moving, because it was the real life account of a woman who was sexually abused. It was revolting to read as well, because she made herself believe that the abuse she was suffering was OK, because that was how she served her master. Jacobs uses rhetoric very well to make the reader sickened and saddened at the same time. Jacobs uses rhetoric to gain sympathy for abused, enslaved females in the south by giving accounts of her life in slavery to northern white women. Other authors of books in this time who were slaves probably used rhetoric to target men for the most part. In this era, men were the ones who made a difference in the country. They fought in the wars and were the leaders in a family. Jacobs’s use of rhetoric to affect women in such a personal way as the sexual abuse of a woman must have, and still does, strike a chord in our hearts. It is upsetting to think that she made herself believe that it was her job to have sex with her master. I’m sure this was hard for northern white women to understand and her use of rhetoric is ideal to help them get angry at the slavery system. I am sure many women read this book and knew exactly how she felt and wanted to do something about the what slavery was doing to these women.... Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Incidents Knowing that most Americans today will never truly know what slavery meant to those slaves who were held in captivation under it during the nation’s past, Harriet Jacobs still manages to paint a disturbing portrait in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl of how it changed her, effectively granting readers a better understanding of the institution. However, her narrative falls short in that she purely focuses on all the bad elements that had taken place in her life, thus reducing what genuinely seems to be an exemplary argument against slavery to - at times - no more than a plea for attention or an enticement for pity, despite her direct addresses to the contrary. Given, Jacobs was a slave, and she makes it expressly clear that it was not an enjoyable experience, but her work gives the impression that either she really had a terrible life, or she’s omitted nicer parts for the sake of shock value. Either way, her argument comes across, loud and clear. One of the more noticeable points of Jacobs’ writing is that she constantly addresses the reader, particularly people from the North and in several cases, women. This entreaty usually comes at the end of every other paragraph, and so the account is made to seem more like an address than a narrative. Dozens of phrases like â€Å"Oh, reader †¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"If you only knew †¦Ã¢â‚¬  are to be found in the text, and these almost make the story sound too melodramatic for it’s own good, if the goal of the author is to encourage the abolition of slavery. Where Jacobs fails to do much with her overly emphasized diction, however, she comes through with her accounts and stories about her and her life, which speak for themselves as ultimately championing freedom for all humanity. One particular section of the text is more disturbing than the rest though, not for depicting an incident of excessive cruelty, but because of it’s revelations about Jacobs. When the author writes â€Å"Ta... Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Ashley Hand Slavery: The Moral Corruption of Family â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† is a narrative that describes a young girl’s trials and tribulations while being an involuntary member of the institution of slavery. Jacobs, like every other victim of the atrocity known as slavery, wishes that people in the north would do more to put a stop to this harmful practice. Slavery is an understood dishonor of the past. This is true, not only because of the injustices done to the slaves, but for the negative effects that the slave holders and their wives underwent. When there are basic rights of freedom being denied in a society, no ethical principles can be upheld. The fact that this sinful treatment of other human beings was permitted had a morally crippling effect not only on the principle victim, the slave, but on the entire household in which the slave resided. Slavery corrupted the morals of everyone within its reach. First and foremost, we must recognize that the primary and most directly affected victim due to slavery, is of course, the slave. Ranging from lashings, emotional struggles, and even death, slaves have felt the truest and most severe form of slavery. They are not allowed to own property because â€Å"according to Southern laws, a slave, being property, can hold no property†(6). Harriet Jacobs describes many of her misfortunes and happenings while under the thumb and close watch of Dr. Flint. She was degraded and insulted many times throughout her stay with him. For example, Jacobs recalls â€Å"When he told me that I was made for his use, made to obey his command in every thing; that I was nothing but a slave, whose will must and should surrender to his, never before had my puny arm felt half so strong†(18). This was only the beginning however, and pretty soon thereafter sexual advances were made by Dr. Flint in which he â€Å"peopled my young mind with unclean image s, such as only a vile monster could ... Free Essays on Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† is the story of a girl born into slavery who’s will and determination never waiver as she fights for her freedom and the freedom of her children. Harriet Jacobs’ story brings to life the reality of slavery; the cruelty, the sexual relationships between master and slave, the psychological abuse, the separation of slave families, the dangers of escape, and the kindness that can be found in the middle of it all. Harriet was fortunate to be born into a position in which she could live with her mother and father and in fact did not even know she was a slave until her mother died. At that time she was sent to live with her mother’s mistress. This was also a fortunate position as her mistress was kind and compassionate and vowed to care for her in thanks for the many loyal years of service her mother had provided. However, her luck would not last as her mistress died and left Harriet to her niece, a five year old girl. This is when Dr. Norcom, the father of her mistress, entered her life and changed it forever. At only 15 years old Dr. Norcom began pursuing and harassing Harriet sexually but her hatred for him and the moral upbringing provided by her grandmother made her continually refuse and evade him. Harriett met another white man who became her lover and had two children with him. Because of the laws of that time her two children immediately became the property of Dr. Norcom as she was. Their father tried to buy her and their children but Dr. Norcom refused. Because of this, Harriett feared for her children and seriously began planning an escape. She ran away and after being hidden a few places by friends of the family she finally was hidden in the tiny crawl space above her grandmother’s house. The space was barely large enough for her body and allowed only limited movement. The space had no insulation or ventilation and so provided unbearable conditions for Harriett...

Shock Art essays

Shock Art essays How has art that has shocked, influenced the views of the public and the art establishment, through the centuries? Art which has shocked has always been a controversial topic, because it commands a response, whether the spectator be affected with shock, daze, or surprise, this as a result has influenced the views of society through the ages. I have chosen to study the above subject matter as it is a topic in which I have experienced in my life time already and therefore is a topic I can broach, analyse and be influenced by. Many of the artists that I have chosen to analysis were outcasts amongst peers, whilst some were and are icons of their own movements; however whatever their status many of them were met with controversy as their ideas were seen as distasteful and disagreeable by the public, rather than radical and inspirational. I intend to analyse the work of artists who have shocked throughout the timeline, from when social barriers were high and restricting in the period of Fauvism and Picasso, pending through the centuries finishing with modern artists today and the relative freedom which they now express. The aim is to find conclusive evidence to firstly answer the title of the investigation, and secondly to understand the true concept of shock, how it is created, the motives behind its creation and what factors influence the artist. So from the Fauvists to Jake and Dinos Chapman I welcome you to follow the long line of trend makers who have rocked the art establishment over the centuries. ...

W3,DQ-4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3,DQ-4 - Essay Example Scientific development is the cumulative growth of a knowledge system over time where useful elements are retained, and non-useful elements are deserted rooted in the verification or rejection of testable knowledge (Zwick & Cayla, 2011). Cultural progress is inextricably connected to both technological and scientific progress. Culture naturally concerns much more than just science and technology, but for Merck to be progressive, it has to meet the above explanation of cumulative growth through thanking the past (Zwick & Cayla, 2011). In science, useful elements are retained, and non-useful elements are discarded through the verification or dismissal of testable knowledge. Merck, therefore, should consider that scientific methods, in this way, are created to be progressive (Gilbert & Sarkar, 2005). In technology, on the other hand, useful elements are preserved and non-useful elements are discarded rooted in the market’s rejection or approval of the technologies. The market for science is mainly the community of scientists, but for technology, the market is mainly Merck’s stuff. In order for Merck to be successful, they need to endorse science and technology to the core to avoid such wrangles (Zwick & Cayla, 2011). Above all, the corporation is built on a firm scientific-led culture; therefore, they should work to ensure that this objective is

Knowledge Management Foundations of IT Systems Essay

Knowledge Management Foundations of IT Systems - Essay Example In addition, this process engages bringing jointly fundamentally enhanced business procedures, technology solutions and shared e-commerce to carry-out step for change developments in operational productivity and customer service (The Knowledge Management Forum, 1996) and (Levinson, 2011). Moreover, knowledge management offers suggestions to solve various serious issues of corporate adaptation, continued existence and capability against fundamental discontinuous environmental transformation. Fundamentally, it exemplifies an organizational procedure that looks for synergistic arrangement of data and information processing capability of information technologies, and the inspired and inventive capability of human beings. However, knowledge management is more and more concerned with the practical implementation as it is not in the theoretical description though in real world implementation wherein lie the maximum opportunities and challenges. Thus, all the scenarios regarding knowledge ma nagement must be understood inside the precise context of predictable performance outcomes and value propositions that respond the issues (Brint, 2011) and (Knowledge Management Gateway, 2011). Why Knowledge Management? Knowledge management is a wide-ranging task and fundamental component of corporate activities. Perhaps at the present organizations are interested in developing their personal business knowledge management competencies, to develop into a more efficient player in the worldwide knowledge financial system, or turning into a more viable knowledge leader and knowledge ambitious organization (Knowledge Management Online, 2011). Additionally, at the present knowledge management is implemented across the globe, in all the types and industry regions, private and public organizations and humanitarian institutions as well as international charities. In this scenario, efficient knowledge management is recognized to be a very critical way of new knowledge and novel ‘ideas' to the modernism procedure, to new inventive products, services and solutions. However, knowledge management, as a way, must help organization attain organizational goals, or still go beyond their aims and objectives. In addition, the idea of knowledge management is not to immediately turn into a more knowledgeable organization, however to be capable to produce, shift and implement knowledge with the purpose of attaining objectives (Knowledge Management Online, 2011). Implementing Knowledge Management System An organization that is interest in implementing KM system they must immediately take some of or all of the below given steps of efficient knowledge management. Additionally, these steps are outlined as separate steps, as well as sequentially, however they ultimately require to be measured as inter-related mechanisms, as fraction of a holistic technique to knowledge management. In this scenario, one initial step is to rapidly assess organization or team’s directions as we ll as willingness for knowledge management. I have outline below some important steps of KM technology application for any corporation. Thus an organization must follow these steps for successful completion and achievement of the project: (Knowledge Management Online, 2011) Free KM Assessment Survey Knowledge Management Education Knowledge Management Consulting Knowledge Management Roles and Responsibilities Knowledge Management Processes, Methods and Tools Knowledge Competencies Knowledge Networks Knowledge

Greenpeace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greenpeace - Case Study Example In other words, Greenpeace has a reputation of an organization that is not afraid to take bold actions in order for the society to change its current perspective on the relationships with nature. In the case that will be examined in this paper one is able to see the following situation: Greenpeace has been a long proponent of switching from harmful substances that are used in refrigerators to those that are environmentally friendly. Finally, it was able to success in it by finding a company that would be willing to introduce the changes. This marked the transition from a conflict based approach of promoting environmental values to an approach that relied on cooperation and reasoning. Nowadays, Greenpeace is known to have promoted its environmentally friendly coolant almost all over the world, excluding the United States. However, there is hope that one day it may change since large companies are many certain steps towards it. To begin with, it may be rather useful to evaluate the tactics that was used by Greenpeace in the Greenfreeze campaign. First of all, one might mentioned that the organization in question tried to target the brand that directly interact with the consumers and, therefore, value their reputation. Indeed, this is a rather smart move since big industrial corporations never contact with people to whom they sell their product and they can hardly be influenced. On the other hand, big bands are willing to gain a competitive advantage by trying to attract their customers with the use of new environmentally friendly technologies (Kaufmann, 2014, p. 103). What is more important is that these brands are able to have a direct impact on the manufactures; so, by targeting them Greenpeace made a right choice. Another aspect of the strategy that should be mentioned is the fact that it promoted the technology worldwide by making sure that companies

Personal Conflict Essay Example for Free

Personal Conflict Essay It was on January 2006 when I first set my feet in USA, a day I will live to remember. I was eighteen years old then and had just graduated from high school. I was the best student in my previous school so I got a scholarship to further my studies. Since childhood ,I was fascinated by people especially their cultures, religions and other aspects of their lives but what really amazed me was the way they communicated and the different languages that they used. My life had revolved around one language that was Arabic and therefore when this chance came I was very excited and without second thoughts took the opportunity to study English as my second language. I chose English because it was an international language and I knew it would help me communicate with many people from different parts of the World. More so, it was to be of great assistance to me especially in my stay in the USA. When this day came, I was amidst mixtures of feelings. Even though I was very excited, terror and confusion took the better part of me. The thought of leaving my parents and my younger siblings really terrified me and all of a sudden, I felt lonely. Earlier on after waking up, prayers had been arranged for me and all people wished me a safe journey to America. I was escorted by my friends and family members to the airport where they bid me farewell. This was my first time to travel from my home country and the first to travel in an airplane. While in the plane many thoughts crossed my mind. I thought about the people I would meet and wondered how they would receive me. I also thought about the college I would be enrolled to and my classmates to be . I wondered if there were people from my home place, how many will they be and above all how I would communicate since I was not familiar with English by then. I was in this state when suddenly an air hostess brought me some snacks . Tasty as they looked, I never took a bite. What I could not understand about the air hostess was that she appeared composed and friendly and completely unaware of my predicament. She was young, energetic and cheerful and nothing seemed to trouble her. Contrary, I was deep in confusion and uncertainty . I lost my appetite something which seldom happens to me. In fact , I rarely choose food and anything edible is good to me provided it is not harmful . More so, being the first time to travel by plane I was really uncomfortable and the experience was horrifying. At one time a thought of the aeroplane crushing crossed my mind and it really got me scared. Sleep never crossed my eyes during the whole journey and it took exactly fourteen hours to reach my destination. I arrived at the JFK airport in New York at around 10 pm . The night was chilly and many people wore heavy clothing to keep their bodies warm . I had carried a light jacket which I wore to protect myself from the cold . The environment was new and everything about this place seemed new to me. I was really getting more and more confused and thought it was even better when I was in the plane. My light jacket did not seem to be of much help to me because the cold weather was getting the better of me. Though out of place, a thought crossed my mind. I wondered of how it used to be unusually hot at home and how I had adapted to that kind of climate. I wondered how long would it take for me to get used to this new environment. I do not know exactly how long I had been standing there but what I recall is that I found myself all alone, confused, scared and lost and attracting some policemen. I felt out of place and the way they were looking at me was scaring. Did they see me as a terrorist or something? I never got to answer that question because one of them came directly to where I was and asked whether I was Mr. Mohammed. Though at first I could not understand what he was driving at, the mention of my name made me realize he was out to find me. Upon receiving my answer, he took my passport and asked me to follow him. They took me to one isolated room where they begun interrogating me. Little did they know that I could not understand whatever they were talking about. From their faces I could tell they were suspicious of something. One police officer who was taller than the rest and had a pointed nose with glaring eyes called the others and got outside of the room. I heard them whispering but could not tell what they were discussing. I do not know exactly what transpired but the moment they came in I sensed danger. I was forced to take off my clothes which apart from being humiliating experience it really made me nervous. They might have thought that I had some atomic bomb with me. What made me extremely terrified was the way they were pointing guns at me. For a moment I thought I was going to die. Here I was, people back at home hoping the best for me but not having a clue of the deadly situation I was in at that particular time. The thought of my mum losing me, made me collapse and when I came back to my senses, I was bed ridded in a hospital. At the hospital I got acquinted to the nurse who was taking care of me . She was a very caring and pleasant lady. She did not like it when I told her (she understood me inspite the language barrier) how the policemen had treated me . She failed to understand how people sometimes could be so inhumane. It was from her that I learnt of how I ended up in an hospital and she also told me that our embassy had been contacted. All this she claimed was through the concerted effort of the management of the hospital . Through her kindness and assurance that all will be well, I was beginning to have hope that things would be better for me. I failed to understand how things could contradict themselves. It was simply not easy to relate the caring and treatment I received from the hospital with the ‘reception’ I received from the policemen. I had been at the hospital overnight and I got discharged at around 10 am in the morning. This happened when the Saudi Arabian embassy sent one of its agents to intervene . All was set right and I could not believe it when one policeman was sent to apologize on the behalf of the others and he even offered us a ride to a hotel. The ride was short but I did not fail to notice how the roads were smooth and carefully constructed. If it were home the journey would have taken a little bit longer because most of them need to be tarmacked and they are dusty. When I arrived at the hotel, I took a bathe, had lunch and then slept after 28 good hours of unrest. I woke up at around 10 pm and realized I was all alone, the agent from the Saudi Arabian embassy had promised to drop by the following morning to pick me up. He had informed me that he would take me to his house and where I would be staying for awhile while we sort matters out. I could not get sleep that night. All my thoughts directed to the kind of life I was to lead in the USA. Foremost, being an Arab and a Muslim I wondered where mosques could be found and whether I would learn to communicate in English. Also I thought about the encounter with the policemen and realized the matter had been made complex due to ineffective communications. All these and other thoughts ran across my mind through out the night. In spite uncertainty facing me, I kept on hoping believing and having faith that everything will turn out right for me and I would enjoy my stay in the USA and eventually make it my home. It has been three years now since I arrived in the USA. A lot of things have changed mostly with me trying to catch up with the American way of life. I have made new friends from different backgrounds and we assist each other in times of troubles. Even though I am different in my culture, religion and way of thinking, I get along with others through their support and understanding.

Current and future strategies

Current and future strategies 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose: The purpose of this report is to understand and analyse the current and future strategies of NEXT in terms of its market in the United Kingdom. This report also considers the tactics to reach potential markets and expand into newer market segments. Approach: In order to conduct a comprehensive study of the company, the factors taken into account are an internal and external analysis, the generic strategies used by NEXT and a thorough understanding of the 4 Ps, PLC, BGM and Ansoffs Matrix has been done in correlation with the future and currents strategies. Findings: Next is the second largest clothing retailer in the UK operating through 500 NEXT retail stores within UK and Eire with over two million active customers. Next aims to provide high quality and beautifully designed products to their customers. From the internal and external analysis of the market strategy of Next, results conclude that next has been a mid market retailer for nearly two decades. It has achieved huge amount of success in the internet and online shopping environment and have been able to cope to with the recent recession within UK and globally. Limitations: Next has suffered sales in the last year due to the recession in the UK and has been moving from a low price retailer to a design and quality product provider. In achieving this aim of providing high quality and designed products it has suffered loss in the UK in sales and growth. It also needs to be aware of the risks of increasing their shop sizes, as the store space to sales growth ratio is very poor. New out of town stores has not been great success and has only added additional costs. 2. INTRODUCTION The only way to attain the successes the company has experienced in the past few years in terms of growth of sales and profits is to see what opportunities lay on the horizon. The Marketing Department of Next Plc has performed a series of internal and external scans throughout the company in order to identify these opportunities. This report contains an analysis performed on the structure, culture, and the micro and macro environment of NEXT PLC. The outcomes are presented in the form of a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of the company. A PEST analysis focuses on the environment that the company now is in (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) and a scan based on the Five Forces Model of Michael Porter. Furthermore, there is the presentation of mix map model, which analysis the 4 Ps (Product, Price, Promotion and Place) and product life cycle, Boston Group Matrix, Ansoffs Matrix of NEXT. An executive summary has been constructed to provide the company vision and a sense of direction with the help of data gathered by the Marketing Department. The above mentioned activities are performed In order to discuss and evaluate the current marketing strategy of NEXT PLC and to recommend an appropriate strategy for the near future to expedite further growth. 2.1 MISSION ANALYSIS NEXT is a retailer of clothing, footwear, accessories and home products. Next clothes are designed by in-house design team to offer consistency of style, quality and value for money with a contemporary fashion edge. The company operates through five reportable business segments namely: Next retail, Next directory, Ventura, Next sourcing and other. NEXT PLC aim to provide â€Å"Exciting, Beautifully designed, Excellent quality clothing and home ware that reflects the aspirations and means of our customers† (Nextplc, 2009) and keep providing quality products for their target markets. In lay-mans terms, a mission statement describes what business the firm is in (Thompson and Martin, 2005). Objectives describe the kind of results the business seeks to achieve while the strategies simplify the way to achieve the desired objectives. Market can be defined as location where the buying and selling of merchandise takes place and marketing can be defined as the process of identifying a target market and developing appropriate strategies for product development, pricing, promotion and distribution (Burns, 2002). NEXT also aims to respond to the particular needs of their customers through the package of measures, which they believe support all customers including those with additional needs. NEXT PLC operates through 500 NEXT retail stores within UK and Eire, Next directory, a direct catalogue and transactional website with over two million active customers and NEXT franchise which includes around 170 stores worldwide. Online shopping was introduced in 1999 and was first in home shopping in the UK. Like other retailers, NEXT has also suffered sales decline due to the recession but aim to carefully manage costs, whilst maintaining and retaining the talent and skills to ensure a positive position within market and emerge stronger than before. NEXT PLC also believes in the importance of maintaining healthy relationship with communities in which they operate and also work with charities to ensure their part in public welfare. NEXT is positioned firmly in the middle mainstream fashion market, targeting 25-45 year olds (upper, middle and lower middle class consumers) who are fashion followers. Easey (2009) maintained that fashion marketing is the application of a range of techniques and a business philosophy that centres upon the customer and potential customer clothing and clothing-related products and services in order to meet the long-term goals of the organisation. In recent years NEXT has been criticised about their marketing methods and has not been seen as a retail business wi th up to date marketing strategy. The word ‘strategy is used frequently and loosely, and is often no more than management jargon. There is obviously a deeper and more practical meaning to it. Strategy is about how an organization sets about getting to where it wants to get it is about setting, pursuing and achieving its mission and objectives (Thompson and Martin, 2005). Knowles (1996) maintains that applying the concept of strategy to an organization implies that the organizations managers try to allocate resources, establish policies and procedures, assign responsibilities and give direction to the organization. Strategic planning is a precise discipline and a process designed to fully utilize the collective expertise of the decision makers through a facilitated process which results in a strategic plan. In the following paragraphs, current in depth marketing strategy of NEXT PLC will be thoroughly discussed. 3.SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS As discussed earlier, success of an organisation in todays competitive world depends on to a large extent on strategy formulation and implementation. An analysis of the internal and external environments provides a look in towards building and developing current and future strategies. Situational analysis is a planning step which helps us examines the current situation of our organization and its external environment so that we can identify and agree on major issues which affect how we plan for the future. SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate a firms strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or business venture. Strengths and weaknesses are considered to be internal factors of the organisation while opportunities and threats are considered to be external factors as opportunities or threats lie in the external environment. This analysis is called as SWOT analysis (Stahl and Grisby, 1997). In order for a firm to carry out SWOT analy sis it needs careful and critical examination of these various internal and external factors which are often unique to an organisation depending on the type of business. After a SWOT analysis has been performed the managers are able to formulate a strategic plan which comprises of objectives and subsequent strategies. Next always seeks to give the price, value and quality products and services, the upper hand when turning towards customers. Next aims to provide an inclusive high level of service to all customers, whether they shop in high street, shopping centre or retail park stores, the Next Directory, or online through our website. This can also be seen in the way the company sees the importance of its personnel in relation to its customers. NEXT PLC needs to look into the future for improving the customer care by streamlining activities. It also wants to continue the same success pathway it has had in the last 5 years which is demonstrated by (Verdict, 2009). 3.1 INTERNAL ANALYSIS Internal factors are those factors which influence the strengths and weaknesses of an organisation. These strengths are internal to the organisation, its strategies and its position in relation with their competitors (Mercer, 1999). Given below is an internal analysis of Next plc. 3.1.1 Structure In terms of structure, Next plc operate on a centralised system. Their target market is 25-45 year olds (Next, 2009). The company logo ‘next in lower case signifies a different approach, more trendy. There are3 main channels of distribution used by next to ensure their products reach the desired customers: Next has around 500 stores in the UK which acts as its main point of sale. (Next plc, 2009). Next directory which is an online web portal which allows customers to buy products through the web site. There are almost 2 million active next directory customers (Verdict, 2009). Around 170 international stores make up the third channel of distribution. 3.1.2Culture Jackson and Shaw (2009) define culture as the attitudes, values, standards and behaviours of a group that are often defined by nationality. According to Vignali et al, (2008) culture is made up of both abstract elements such as values and ethics, and material components such as cars and foods, which allow us to describe, evaluate and differentiate cultures. Approximately 30% of the clothing bought in the UK is from MS, Arcadia and Next (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). They further state that during 2006 Next lost their market dominance. This means the culture affects consumer behaviour to a great deal. However Next plc, was one of the first to develop and adopt an internet based shopping branch as a high street retailer (Next plc, 2009). Next operates on a role culture concept with which they have a principal board committee which includes the audit committee, remuneration committee and a nomination committee which work on their own in the company (Next plc, 2009). 3.1.2.1Cultural Web Stories: These are the past events and what people talked about inside and outside the company (Mindtool, 2009). Rituals Routines: The daily behaviour and actions of people that signal acceptable behaviour (Mindtool, 2009). Symbols: These are the visual representations of the company (Mindtool, 2009). Organizational Structure: This includes both the structure defined by the organization chart, and the unwritten lines of power and influence (Mindtool, 2009). Control Systems: The ways that the organization is controlled (Mindtool, 2009). Power Structures: The pockets of real power in the company (Mindtool, 2009). 3.1.3Value Chain core competencies Value chain is a framework for identifying where value is added and costs are incurred within a company. It embraces the key functions and activities within a company or organisation such as NEXT (Thompson and Martin, 2005). Core competencies: NEXT make use of an Internet based home shopping and has also established a good brand posture with individual style, beautiful design, excellent quality and affordable price (Next, 2009). NEXT stores are specious and they also make use of standalone lime stores. 3.2 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS The external factors may be threats to one organisation while offering opportunities to another such as technological change, legislation, socio-cultural changes, etc. It can also include changes in the market place or competitive position (Mercer, 1999). 3.2.1 Forces Influencing the Market Porters five forces is a model that helps marketers to analyse the competitive environment by identifying five major forces that continually impacts on organisations. These forces are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of consumers Threat of entry into the market by new entrants Threat of substitutes into the market Level of competitive rivalry amongst existing firms (Porter, 1980 cited by Jackson and Shaw, 2009) The bargaining power of our suppliers is very low and the prime problem exists in achieving the quality we ask from our suppliers. Most suppliers only deliver into this market, yet can also change to other markets (professional clothing) that are less profitable and the level of competition is great. With the availability of many suppliers, this force acts positively but can affect the quality aspect of NEXT brand name if suppliers are changed on regular basis. For the consumer bargaining power, there is not much leverage from their account: their money spent on clothing per person is not substantial enough when compared with, our total sales and their total spending budget (Next annual report, 2008). As, per person spending power is not huge it does not provide customers any bargaining power. NEXT can also consider this force as positive but needs to be aware of the customer demands in order to maintain this positive nature of the force. The threat of new entrants is rather low, yet, as said before, the German ESPRIT company is trying to enter the market. This is an exemption, because ESPRIT has a lot of resources that make this possible as well as a lot of experience. In words of product differentiation they are in the league of Levis and others (Verdict, 2009). These brands have extra benefits: Image and superior quality. This force acts as a positive force, as the threat of new entrants is low for NEXT plc but caution needs to be taken in order to maintain this force as positive. The products that can reduce our sales in the form of substitute products or services are not there, however a ‘threat of Internet portals and other forms of home shopping does exist. This is not a severe threat for the company as it already is active in this channel of selling. The discount retailing of A-brands e.g. Levis in outlets through parallel imports can be a problem. New internet portals and other home shopping forms are the only form of substitution threat to NEXT, but as they have been achieving a huge amount of success with NEXT directory and Ventura (Nextplc, 2009), this force does prove to be positive for them. There is some rivalry in the ranks of the market, for there are declining sales due to a decreasing market. In order to attain customer base, companies have increased their discounts and that leads to the destruction of the market. The main cause for this is the fact that people do not want to pay the full price amount of the products and companies have to suffice with lower profit margins. NEXT is the second largest clothing retailer in UK but has also suffered a decrease in sales. While most of its competitors struggled from the declining market Next manage to increase its market share and during the present recession they maintain their stand in the market (scribd, 2009) 3.2.2 Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST) analysis: All organisations operate in market places that are affected by forces outside their control ( Jackson and Shaw, 2009, pp 300).Factors considered within the macro environment affect not only the company but all the other members of its micro environment, namely its suppliers, consumers, etc ( Easey, 1995). An analysis of the external factors that influence the firm is known as the PEST analysis i.e. Political, Economic, Social and Technological. Political Politics will affect both the producer and the consumer in various ways (Bohdanowicz and Clamp, 1994). A stable political surrounding is the basis for long-term decisions. The United Kingdom, as a Member State of the European Union, fulfils this prerequisite. The government has to act within a definite political framework to achieve the conditions of the European Union and this guarantees NEXT PLC a higher scope of economic actions. Another advantage of the European Union is the open transfer of goods. This makes it easier for NEXT to sell their products in the different European countries. There are no trade barriers that aggravate sales and it also provides as a means of direct form of participation within the foreign markets (Hines and Bruce, 2001). Economic Vignali et. al, (2008), express that economic trends are extremely important for the business and that they depend to a great extent on the governments politics. Investments in Europe for NEXT PLC are very interesting. The British currency nowadays is exceedingly strong (ex., 2009). This is due to the independence of the British pound to the Euro and has several effects. First, foreign investments for NEXT are relatively inexpensive, and second, it is costly for outside firms to establish in the United Kingdom. The effects of exchange rates also need to be monitored closely. The devaluation of the sterling in 1992 led to a rise in the cost of imports to UK while making manufactured items more competitive. However, many countries are reluctant to engage in trade because of these reasons. In the face of a truly difficult trading environment it is a case of survival of the fittest. Being good is not good enough, retailers have to be exceptional and stand out from the crowd. (Verdict 200 8). Chief executive of Next states â€Å"The outlook for the consumer economy remains challenging and as we have said before, the first half will be particularly tough (Wilson, 2009) Social Changes in lifestyle and opinions influence the demand and the way of selling products (Vignali et. al, 2008, pp. 364). Key Note (2009) estimates that in the year 2036 more than 64.9 million people will be living there. This statement would mean two possibilities. This means a lot of new customers for NEXT PLC but the age of the population is increasing. On the other hand, the social structure has changed dramatically. The progress in medical service and the self-awareness of living leads to increasing life expectancy. Following development of sex education and rising numbers of career women, the birth rate has dropped. These reasons are responsible for declining figures in the NEXT 20 to 40 year old target group. Bohdanowicz and Clamp, (1994) analyse that young people no longer feel the pressure to be married or have children, and therefore many are living a single life or are cohabiting. Technological As in all areas of industry new technology is making great inroads to improve quality of life and increase speed and quality of manufacture (Easey, 1995).The age of Internet and the reception of new media reveal a lot of potential opportunities for NEXT to boost profit. Some companies in the United States already offer online-orders where the customer can exactly define his wishes and measurements, and send it to the place of production. 48 hours later he receives his package. Using this method the companies can react instantly to changes in behaviors. Social networking site facebook also provides as a means of information and education and also helps in advertising for NEXT PLC (Facebook, 2009). Some new entrants in UK market such as Zara use latest technology body scanners and follows fast fashion which is contrasting to NEXT. 4. SWOT Strength: 1. Performance in recent years. (Verdict, 2009) 2. Next Directory sales. (Verdict, 2009) 3. Good promotion. 4. Powerful design philosophy. Weakness: 1. Overpriced. (Verdict, 2009) 2. Profit margin declined than previous years. (Verdict, 2009) 3. No celebrity brand ambassador. (Verdict, 2009) 4. More formal wear than average. Little underwear.(Verdict, 2009) Opportunities 1. Optimize store space. (Verdict, 2009) 2. Consolidate internet marketing and buying. (Verdict, 2009) 3. Expansion into new markets. (Verdict, 2009) Threats: 1. Marks and Spencers biggest competition. (Verdict, 2009) 2. Arcadia and Primark trying to overtake. (Verdict, 2009) 3. Target market reduced. 5. GENERIC STRATEGIES According to Kotler 2004, strategy is the roadmap for achieving the envisaged goals. The strategic decision made by a commercial organisation is concerned with establishing the basis upon which it intends to compete, develop and sustain a competitive advantage and outperform competitors. Porter defined strategy as creation of a unique and valuable position involving different set of activities. Strategy can be formulated into 3 generic types Overall cost leadership Here a business aims at delivering its products at the lowest prices in the market and win a large market share. Such businesses require being good at engineering, purchasing, manufacturing and distribution. A disadvantage of this strategy is that some other company will eventually emerge with still lower costs. Brands may be able to achieve cost leadership at category level if they have sufficient market share (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). Focus- Here a firm concentrates on one or more narrow market segments. It first identifies such a segment and then pursues either cost leadership or differentiation in them. Differentiation- Here a business aims at achieving superior performance in an important customer area valued by a large chunk of the market. It could strive to be the service leader, the quality leader, the style leader or technology leader. Differentiation of one company from another is extremely important due to the ever changing customer demands (Oelkars, 2004).It is also considered as strategy based upon being different from the competition through a range of factors such as design, style, image, trend, product quality etc (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). NEXT prides in offering consistency of style, quality and value for money with a contemporary fashion edge for their target market. NEXT marketing departments have been taking a differentiation approach which has helped them achieve superiority above their competitors. NEXT has differentiated their products from their competitors on the basis of above qualities such as style, design, quality and value for money. However, in this ever changing fashion industry nothing can be permanent. On the basis of porters five forces discussed above NEXT have all the forces in their favour but there are few issues which they need to consider in keeping these forces on the positive side. NEXT needs to be aware of the risks of changing suppliers in case of conflict as new suppliers may provide good products with change in quality which can easily damage the brand name. Due to global recession, textile firms in Mauritius that supply Europes biggest high-street stores are looking forward to tough 2009 . With 10% decrease in sales, these stores fight among themselves to achieve better prices, which results in middle market stores to suffer like NEXT (Scribd, 2009). Only a small amount of internet portals threat has emerged for NEXT but their Directory has been a success and continues to do so (Verdict, 2009). 6. MIX MAP MODEL 6.1 MARKETING 4 PS The marketing mix consists of 4 Ps that are product, price, promotion and place. Product and Price are the product related elements where, price can also be consider as an element of its own. The other two are parts of the delivery system which is about delivering the physical product and the sales message (Mercer, 1999). Product: What business offers customers to satisfy their needs e.g. Quality. According to the mission statement of NEXT, their focus is providing high quality and beautifully designed product for their customers. For this reason maintaining and improving their quality and design of their products is very important for NEXT (nextplc, 2009). Price: Amount customers are ready to pay for products e.g. discounts. NEXT has been one of the known retailers to provide huge discounts on festive occasions, with discounts upto 70% on many products. It also provides special discounts for taller and plus-size customers (next, 2009). Being a mid-market retailer, in order to maintain its competitiveness it is very important for NEXT to provide special discounts schemes and offers during the festive seasons. NEXT also relies on linked selling, one of the biggest areas of sales. For example, it recommends fashion accessories to customers buying clothing online (next, 2009). Place: involves getting the product to the customers e.g. warehouse. Location of retail stores and shops has always been considered as the prime method to increase sales and growth. NEXT has always been one of the high street retail stores. It also has many different store types, eg flagship sores, factory outlets (nextplc, 2009). For this reason it is really important to have different location for customers to choose from. Promotion: It includes ways that encourage customers to buy a product e.g. magazines (Oelkers, 2004). NEXT hugely promotes a great deal of its products through magazines e.g Vogue and also produce great deal of discounts in store and on online shopping. It recently plans to introduce extra 16 billion pounds in advertising its products and online sales records 530 million pounds (Mintel, 2009). 6.2PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE According to Jackson and Shaw 2009, as with all types of product, fashion follows cycles and products follow the Product Life Cycle. In a broader sense, no product can go on selling forever. Once a product has been introduced into the market and accepted by consumers, it goes through a phase of growth, maturity and decline until it becomes obsolete. Stages of a product life cycle: Design Development Stage: This stage is undertaken ahead of the product launch. Design development costs create negative profitability as the sales at this stage are zero (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). Introduction: Introduction is a period of slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. Profits are non existent at this stage because of the heavy expenses done for the product introduction (Kotler, 2004). Growth: This is a period of rapid market acceptance and substantial profit improvement. Maturity: This is the period of slowdown in the sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. Profits decline or stabilize. Decline: Sales show a downward drift and profits erode. Although the PLC is an accepted underpinning of all marketing theory and practice, Jackson and Shaw 2009, cite the major problem for the fashion marketer to grapple with is the fact that the actual position of a fashion product on the cycle at any point in time is hard to define accurately. Hence an accurate mathematical model of the PLC is impossible. PLC is an important issue for NEXT as it provides growth for the company and has highest operating profit margin amongst its competitors (Verdict, 2009). It also has a increase in store size by 50% from 2004-2008 (Verdict, 2009). Therefore Next is positioned in growth stage of PLC with signs of improvement. 6.3BOSTON GROUP MATRIX As a visual tool for managing portfolios, the Boston Consultancy Group has developed a matrix known as BGM. The BGM offers a very useful map of the organisations products strength or weakness (Mercer, 1999). A typical BGM is given below. The matrix is in a four box quadrant layout. The horizontal axis is expressed as the market share of the business compared to that of the market leader, whilst the vertical axis shows the average annual growths rate of the market that the business is operating in. The four quadrants are called stars, question marks, cash cows and dogs, which explain how the business stands relative to the market leader. Stars are market leaders in high growth markets. They are generally expensive in terms of promotional expenditure (Jackson and Shaw 2009). Generally businesses start off in the quadrant of question marks. Cash cows operate in a market where the growth rate is less than 10 percent. Dogs are a decline stage where a small share of limited and stagnant market. Growth of NEXT has been an important issue for the company with a higher amount of concentration going towards increasing store size. Since 1997 the average store size has increase from 3500 sq. feet to 10,500 sq. feet (Verdict, 2009). In their mission statement Next aims to provide excellent quality and design for its customers and target younger market. Next chief executive admits 2009 being a tough year for NEXT. (nextplc, 2009). NEXT appears to be existing in between the dogs and question mark stage and needs to concentrate to achieve position to the other end of the BCG Matrix. 6.4 ANSOFFS MATRIX Ansoffs Matrix provides four different growth strategies by considering ways to grow via existing products and new products, and in existing markets and new markets. As seen in the diagram above; The Market Penetration strategy seeks to achieve growth with existing products in the current market segment, aiming to increase market share. Market Development strategy seeks to achieve growth by targeting existing products to new market segments. The Product Development strategy develops new products targeted to its existing market and the Diversification strategy helps the firm to diversify into new businesses by developing new products in new markets. With increasing number of new retailers entering the market NEXT has achieved a great level of success in maintaining their market share and has also grown their business in new products such as directory and online shopping (Verdict, 2009). NEXT has always been an innovative retailer, as it was the first retailer to introduce internet shopping in 1999 (nextplc, 2009). Since then it has introduced many new products and Next Directory has been a great success. 7. RECOMMENDATION On the above data analysis it is proven that NEXT has been one of the successful retailers in UK. It has grown immensely in the last decade both in regionally and internationally. Being the first clothing retailer to introduced online shopping; it has improved